From dreams and visions to props and enaction: Edmund Heddle continues to look at the visual side of prophecy.

Many imagine that the use of visual aids and drama in putting over the word of God is a modern innovation. The fact is that both were used by the prophets of the Old and New Testaments and indeed, by our Lord Jesus himself. In so doing they teach us an important lesson today: that we should not present the message only in word but also in action.

Once a prophet realises that the Spirit is capable of presenting what God wants to say in dramatic action as well as in convincing word, and once he is willing to be open to some of the unusual things the Spirit may urge him to do, he discovers that enacted prophecy can make a greater and more lasting impact than the word alone.

Visual aids and drama have long been used to put across God's word – enacted prophecy can have a much greater impact than the spoken word alone.

Enacted prophecy in the Old Testament

After Solomon died he was succeeded by his son Rehoboam, who foolishly followed the advice of the young men over the elders, as shown in the classic reply that he made: "My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions" (1 Kings 12:11). As a result of this short-sighted policy the ten northern tribes revolted under Jeroboam.

But before this, the prophet Ahijah had told Solomon he was to be king over Israel by an enacted prophecy. Ahijah took the new cloak he was wearing and tore it into ten pieces, giving them to Jeroboam. His actions confirmed his divine appointment (1 Kings 11:29-36).

Later in the history of God's people, the prophet Micah was so upset as he contemplated the disaster that would overtake Samaria and Jerusalem that he said, "Because of this I will weep and wail; I will go about barefoot and naked" (Mic 1:8). In this way he enacted his identity with nations that would be driven away naked into exile. To his words and actions he added his cries, saying he would wail with the strength of a jackal until his voice was so strained that it would resemble the squeaking of a baby ostrich.

Micah's greater contemporary Isaiah also enacted his concern for the people of God by appearing in the streets of Jerusalem over a period of three years in the rags of a prisoner of war, with scarce enough covering to be decent. This would be the sad result for Israel when Egypt and Cush were led into exile by the king of Assyria as prisoners of war. Then they would have to say, "See what has happened to those we relied on" (Isa 20:1-6).

Ahijah took his new cloak and tore it into ten pieces. Micah wept and wailed, and went about barefoot and naked. Isaiah spent three years in the rags of a prisoner of war.

Later on a prophetic word was enacted by Jeremiah in Egypt (Jer 43:7-13). Although he had persistently warned the remnant of Judah, "Do not go to Egypt" (Jer 42:19), when they insisted, he decided it was right to go with them. While there, God told him to take a number of large stones and to bury them in mortar at the entrance to Pharaoh's palace in Tahpanes and to prophesy that the king of Babylon would invade Egypt and set up his throne above these very stones. Far from avoiding trouble by escaping to Egypt, they had brought it upon themselves by their disobedience.

Nebuchadnezzar would set fire to the temples of the gods of Egypt and would smash some of the obelisks in Heliopolis. The archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie believed that a raised pavement he discovered was the place where Jeremiah buried his stones. Two of the Heliopolis obelisks survive to this day. One is in New York City and the other - incorrectly known as Cleopatra's Needle - on the Thames Embankment in London.

Jeremiah was led by God to bury large stones at the entrance to Pharoah's palace in Egypt – enacting a prophecy that Babylon would eventually invade and take over.

False Enactions

It is a testimony to its effectiveness that a false prophet, Zedekiah, copied what he had seen other true prophets do in enacting their prophetic words. On one occasion the kings of Israel and Judah were sitting on their thrones in Samaria with all the prophets prophesying before them when Zedekiah brought the iron horns he had made and said, "With these you will gore the Arameans until they are destroyed" (1 Kings 22:11).

All the false prophets agreed until a true prophet, Micaiah, came on the scene. When consulted he told the king to go ahead, but his tone of voice and his manner betrayed the fact that he was speaking in irony and that he meant just the reverse of what he said. Because of his faithful testimony Micaiah was put in prison on bread and water, where he realised a truth many of the Lord's prophets have also since discovered: that evil men hate the true word of God (1 Kings 22:18 and 26-27).

It is a testimony to the effectiveness of prophetic enaction that false prophets through history have copied the same behaviour.

Marital Enactions

Jeremiah was forbidden to marry and to have children. This was to make his marital state a witness to the imminent disaster that would overtake God's people: "They will die of deadly diseases. They will not be mourned or buried...they will perish by sword and famine" (Jer 16:1-4). Every time he was asked why he was not married it gave him the opportunity to bring to people a warning of what was ahead unless they repented. Today the testimony of those who choose to remain unmarried for the sake of the gospel is a powerful enactment.

In contrast to Jeremiah, Hosea was told to marry, but to take a prostitute as a wife (Hos 1:2). Israel's unfaithfulness to the Lord is depicted by Hosea in terms of a wife who turns her back on a faithful husband in order to give herself to a succession of lovers. In spite of God's goodness to his people, Israel went lusting after Baal and other gods of Canaan. Hosea 2:2 appears to contain a formula for divorce: "She is not my wife, neither am I her husband" but the God Hosea depicts cannot take that action. He is the one who says, "How can I give you up? How can I hand you over?" So the prophetic word is powerfully enacted.

In contrast to both Jeremiah and Hosea, Ezekiel is allowed to marry a wife who is "the delight of his eyes" (Eze 24:15-19). But suddenly he is told that he is about to lose her; nevertheless he must not weep or shed any tears. God shows the prophet that he also is being bereaved of "the delight of his eyes", by which he means his sanctuary in the temple in Jerusalem. God says they are not to mourn the desecration of his sanctuary because it is the result of their persistent sin (Eze 24:20-24). In each of these examples the family life of the prophet enacts and makes clearer what God is saying.

Enacted prophecy by Jeremiah

It is in the prophecies of Jeremiah and Ezekiel that we see the constant use of enacted prophecy. Both prophets are involved with the closing stages of the kingdom of Judah and exile and captivity of God's people in Babylon.

There are five enacted prophecies in addition to the one already mentioned:

1. Jeremiah is told to make thongs and yoke-bars and to put them on his neck. This is to illustrate his message - unacceptable to them - that only by submitting to the King of Babylon could they remain in their own land. Hananiah the false prophet disagreed and broke the yoke-bars from Jeremiah's neck. Jeremiah's reaction is to make iron bars instead of wooden ones and to announce that Hananiah would die that very year because he had preached rebellion against the Lord (Jer 27 and 28).
2. Jeremiah is told to buy a linen waistcloth and to bury it in a cleft of the rock by the river Euphrates. After many days he is told to return there to collect it, only to discover that it was good for nothing. So he enacts God's desire that Israel would cling closely to him and the refusal that was to spoil the whole relationship (Jer 13:1-11).
3. Jeremiah is told to buy a potter's earthenware jar and to smash it by the Potsherd Gate in the presence of the elders of the people and some of the priests. Then he was to say, "This is what the Lord Almighty says: 'I will smash this nation and this city just as this potter's jar is smashed and cannot be repaired'" (Jer 19:1-12).
4. Jeremiah is told to buy a field at the very time when the entire surrounding country was in enemy hands. This strange action dramatised eloquently Jeremiah's confidence in the future of God's people and in their certain return to their homeland. His actions spoke more convincingly than any words could have done of his absolute confidence in the Lord's promise: "Houses, fields and vineyards will again be bought in this land" (Jer 32:6-15).
5. Jeremiah is told to take a scroll and to write on it the doom of Babylon. This he was to give to Seraiah (a brother of Baruch, Jeremiah's scribe) to take to Babylon. When he got there he was to read it aloud, to pray and then to throw it into the river Euphrates (having first attached a stone so that it would sink). As he threw it into the water he was to say, "So will Babylon sink to rise no more!" In all these examples it is clear that the dramatic symbolism adds considerably to the verbal communication (Jer 51:60-64).

Enacted prophecy by Ezekiel

In the prophecy of Ezekiel we have a series of symbolic actions which are required of the prophet and which represent the siege, capture and the future of Jerusalem. Like Jeremiah he was required to enact the message he had to pass on verbally.

1. Ezekiel is told to carry out certain symbolic acts which portray the siege of Jerusalem.
   • He is to take a brick whilst still soft and to portray on it the mounds and battering rams attacking Jerusalem.
   • He was to place an iron plate (such as a griddle on which cakes were baked) between himself and the brick to symbolise the barrier between God and his people.
   • He was to lie on his left side for 390 days and on his right side for forty days representing the years of Israel's and Judah's chastisement.
   • He had to bake a cake out of a strange mixture of grains but was permitted to eat only twenty shekels' worth once a day with a small quantity of water. The cake was to be baked on human dung, but at the prophet's entreaty this repulsive condition was relaxed. In all these ways God's judgment on sinful Jerusalem was portrayed (Eze 4:1-17).
2. Ezekiel is told to shave his head and beard by using a sword. The hair was then to be divided into three equal portions. This showed that a third of the population would die of famine or disease, another third would be killed by the sword and the final third would be scattered among the nations. The few hairs the prophet managed to save were to be tucked in the folds of his garment. But even some of this righteous remnant would have to face further judgment (Eze 5:1-4).
3. Ezekiel is told to pack his belongings for exile and to bring them out of his house while the people were watching. He was to do the same thing in the evening but was first to dig a hole through the wall and to drag his kit through, again before the people. He was to cover his face while he was doing these things. The idea was to provoke the people to ask questions. The Lord's instruction was, "Now that these rebels are asking you what you are doing, tell them". By his obedience to the Lord's instructions the prophet had become a sign to the people (Eze 12:1-11).
4. Ezekiel is told to make and erect a signpost in such a way that it indicated one route starting from Babylon and continuing until it diverged into two roads, one leading to Jerusalem and the other to Rabbah (today's Amman, capital of Jordan). Ezekiel is told that the king of Babylon will stop at the fork in the road to use various methods of divination to discover which way to go. He will however take the road to Jerusalem, because God intends to use him to punish his people (Eze 21:19-23).
5. Ezekiel is told to take the cauldron and having put water and meat into it, to bring it to the boil. The cauldron is Jerusalem, the pieces of meat are its inhabitants, the fire and boiling water stand for the siege and its severity; finally, the pieces pulled out of the cauldron symbolise the universal dispersion of the people when the siege is over. Even the cauldron is defiled and must be put on the fire until its impurities are melted away. Jerusalem must be destroyed in order to be cleansed (Eze 24:3-12). But there is hope for the future and this is shown as follows:
6. Ezekiel is told to unite the sticks of Joseph and Judah: "Son of man, take a stick and write on it, 'Belonging to Judah...' Then take another stick and write on it, 'Ephraim's stick...' Join them together so they become one in your hand". The thrilling message is then given: "I will take the Israelites out of the nations where they have gone...I will make them one nation in the land. There will be one king over them all" (Eze 37:16-22)

Enacted prophecy in the New Testament

There are numerous places in the gospels where Jesus enacted what had been prophesied about him in the Old Testament. The clearest example is his entry into Jerusalem on an ass, fulfilling the prophecy of Zechariah: "Say to the daughter of Zion, 'See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey'" (Zech 9:9; Matt 21:1-11). We can certainly see the power of enacted prophecy in the comment of Matthew, "When Jesus entered Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred".

The second example from the New Testament is found in Acts 21:10-11 where a prophet named Agabus came down from Judea. He took Paul's belt, tied his own feet and hands with it and said, "the Holy Spirit says, 'In this way the Jews of Jerusalem will bind the owner of this belt and will hand him to the Gentiles'." Hearing this, the believers in Caesarea tried to stop Paul from going up to Jerusalem. They had misunderstood the reason why Agabus had been moved to present this enacted prophecy.

It was not to stop Paul from going to Jerusalem, but to prepare him for what would await him there, just as Jesus himself had been warned by the Holy Spirit about what would happen when he arrived there (Mark 10:32-34).

To be a truly biblical prophet today we need to remember that God's prophetic word can be more powerfully presented when we make use of the 'eyegate' as well as the 'eargate'.

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 3 No 5, September/October 1987.

Clifford Hill connects the migration crisis to Bible prophecies about the end of days, and suggests that God may have a special purpose for Britain at this time.

As of today, Friday 18 September, in this fast moving crisis, Croatia has become the latest European country to close its borders as the great migrant invasion of Europe intensifies, and Hungary has begun extending its fence along the borders with Croatia. Even Germany has introduced border controls to stop the unmanageable flow of migrants from Austria.

Europe in Turmoil

So what is the significance of all this as Europe is thrown into turmoil by what appears to be an unending flow of migrants? Clearly these are not just refugees fleeing war-torn Syria and Iraq, but something is stirring in nations right across the world where there is dissatisfaction with current life chances. Already hundreds of thousands are on the move and potentially this could be millions who want to jump on the bandwagon and reach Europe.

It is significant that the most popular destination is Germany – not because the migrants speak German but because it's the richest country in Europe. Angela Merkel has lit the touch paper of a migrant tsunami that is already causing major confusion, social chaos and political disunity throughout Europe. It has the potential of creating a catastrophic social, economic and political disaster.

Militant Islam

It is significant that the majority of the migrants attempting to enter Europe are Muslims. Some 25 years ago I published an article in the print magazine Prophecy Today saying that the greatest threat to peace in Europe was not from the Soviet Union but from militant Islam. The USSR was at the height of its power and the Cold War between East and West occupied the attention of newspapers and politicians alike. Islam was hardly given a thought except to note the brutal war between Iran and Iraq that lasted for most of the 1980s and resulted in more than 1 million deaths. But for those who were studying the signs of the times with an open Bible and an ear tuned to God, there were unmistakable warnings that Islam would soon be a major threat to world peace.

For those studying the signs of the times with an open Bible and an ear tuned to God, there have long been warnings that Islam would soon threaten world peace.

MI5's WarningMigrants push through a police line in Croatia on Thursday.

I'm not implying that I was the only one sounding a warning note about Islam. In Prophecy Today we published a number of articles in the 1980s by writers such as Clifford Denton, Lance Lambert, Ray Register, John Lafin, John Ray and Patrick Sookhdeo, who all perceived danger lying ahead. This danger is now being intensified by news of ISIS' plans to infiltrate Europe with half a million jihadists and that an unknown number have already mixed with the flow of migrants into Europe. This danger was highlighted yesterday by the head of MI5 warning that they had intercepted and prevented five attempts by jihadists already this year.

200 More Mosques

It is notable that Saudi Arabia, which has so far taken no refugees from Syria, has offered to build 200 mosques in Germany! No doubt this is their contribution to the Islamisation of Europe! Saudi Arabia has also just announced that it intends to crucify an 18-year-old boy for taking part in a protest against government policy. This is in accord with sharia law that they want to impose upon Europe!

So what's going on? Is there any word from the Lord? What does the Bible have to say about the times in which we are living?

Lance Lambert's View

Lance Lambert, who died recently, was one of the greatest of modern prophets, a Jew who accepted Jesus as Messiah. He gave us two interviews for Prophecy Today some three months before the 40^th anniversary of the State of Israel. We published these in March and May 1988 and are re-publishing them today and next week because we believe they are relevant to the situation that is now developing across the Middle East and Europe (see the first article here). Lance said that he did not think that anything remarkable was going to happen to Israel on the 40^th anniversary. He said,

I do feel that we have nevertheless passed irreversibly into the last phase of world history. We know this from Luke 21:24, where Jesus prophesies that the Jewish people will fall by the sword, be taken as captives into all the nations, and Jerusalem trampled on by foreigners 'until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled'.

Times of the Gentiles

Are the 'times of the Gentiles' now fulfilled? This is the big question that biblical scholars have been debating since 1967, when Israel re-gained hold of Jerusalem. There is no definitive answer to this but the 'great shaking of the nations' prophesied by the biblical prophets (Isaiah 2, Haggai 2 and Hebrews 12) appears to be happening in our lifetime.

Back in 1988, Lance Lambert stated a belief that we have passed into the last phase of world history, when the 'times of the Gentiles' will be fulfilled.

Words of Jesus

Add to these prophecies the words of Jesus' warning that "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places" (Matt 24:7). Jesus also warns that those who believe in him will be persecuted and at the same time there will be a great increase in wickedness, but the gospel will be preached in the whole world (Matt 24:9-14).

There is plenty of evidence in the daily news that all these things are happening today, including the Church worldwide growing at the fastest rate in history, despite the great falling away in Europe. So how does the migration crisis in Europe fit into this picture?

The Servant Songs

The prophet Isaiah actually refers to the British Isles a number of times. He links "the islands" with "the ends of the earth". In those days the islands off the coast of Europe were at the end of the known world, so it is a reasonable assumption that he is referring to the British Isles. There are some significant references in what biblical scholars know as 'The Servant Songs' (all Messianic statements that link Israel as a nation with the person of Messiah). The Songs show God working out his ultimate purposes for the salvation of the nations through Israel and the Messiah.

Can Britain Serve the Purposes of God?

The first of the four 'Servant Songs' is Isaiah 42:1-4 which begins "Here is my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen one in whom I delight; I will put my spirit on him and he will bring justice to the nations." God has undoubtedly used and mightily blessed Britain in the past, but in today's highly secularised environment, has the faithful remnant of believers sufficient spiritual strength to stand against the tide of unbelief and godless moral anarchy? Is there sufficient spiritual strength to serve the purposes of God at such a time as this?

Isaiah actually refers to the British Isles a number of times, perhaps indicating that they have a special place in the purposes of God.

This prophetic statement indicates that the British Isles have a special place in the purposes of God. God does not change his mind so this is still true today! The second Servant Song (Isa 49:1-6) begins with a call to the islands – "Listen to me, you islands; hear this, you distant nations..." It concludes with the promise to Israel, "It is too small a thing for you to be my servant to restore the tribes of Jacob and bring back those of Israel I have kept. I will also make you a light for the Gentiles, that you may bring my salvation to the ends of the earth."

Final Great Conflict

Historically, Britain has indeed enjoyed a special place in God's purposes, being used powerfully in the worldwide spread of the Gospel. But does that purpose still exist for modern, 'post-Christian' Britain?

The final reference to 'the islands' in Isaiah is found in the last chapter, which is all in the context of the final conflict before the advent of the new heavens and the new earth, establishing the reign of God upon earth. It speaks of a sign being sent to "the distant islands...They will proclaim my glory among the nations" (Isa 66:19).

If we put this in the context of Jesus' words in the days leading up to his second coming, "There will be great distress, unequalled from the beginning of the world until now – and never to be equalled again" (Matt 24:21), we may expect a time of unparalleled upheaval and conflict among the nations.

My own interpretation is that we are moving towards a time of great conflict that will engulf Europe and the Middle East. The 'Arab Spring' that began on 18 December 2010 in Tunisia lit the fuse for this period, which has spread across North Africa and the Gulf States to link with the intense conflict within Islam that began with the Iran/Iraq conflict between Sunni and Shia Muslims and is now devastating Syria.

Britain's Biblical Heritage

An irreversible process has begun that will lead to open conflict unless there is divine intervention. If it is a right interpretation of Isaiah's vision, Britain has a special part to play within the purposes of God. The question is whether there is sufficient strength in the Judeo/Christian biblical heritage of the nation to enable Britain to carry out its role of bringing the word of the Lord into this situation.

Leaving the EU

In order to do this it may be that Britain will need to separate from the rest of Europe and be prepared to stand alone under God (alongside an increasingly secularised Europe but not under its godless direction). I believe the word of the Lord to Britain today is, "Not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit, says the Lord Almighty" (Zech 4:6). To this we must add the words of Jesus to his disciples that we should, "watch and pray" (Matt 26:41).

I believe that we are moving towards a time of great conflict in Europe and the Middle East, unless there is divine intervention. Britain may well have a special part to play, but will she be prepared to stand for God?

Dr Hill will elaborate on this theme in another feature article, to be published on Friday 25 September. In the meantime any comments from readers posted below would be greatly appreciated.

Edmund Heddle's series on prophecy continues, turning this week to visual ways in which God speaks.

According to Peter's words on the day of Pentecost, dreams and visions are two methods that God desires to use in communicating his prophetic word to man. He claimed that the pouring out of the Spirit that morning had fulfilled Joel's prophecy and had made possible the promise that "your young men shall see visions and your old men shall dream dreams" (Joel 2:28).

God had used both dreams and visions from the earliest days of the Bible story, though the number receiving such communications was few. Now, many more would be able to receive what God wanted to convey to them by means of dreams and visions, and they in turn could pass on the prophetic word to others. A study of the New Testament reveals that some of the most important decisions reached by the early church were made in response to God's visual direction, yet very many Christians still do not take seriously the place of dreams and visions in seeking to hear God's voice today.

God spoke in various ways

The first words of the letter to the Hebrews tell us that "in the past God spoke to our forefathers through the prophets...in many ways" (Heb 1:1). In defending Moses from the jealous criticism of Miriam and Aaron, God said: "When a prophet of the Lord is among you, I reveal myself to him in visions, I speak to him in dreams. But this is not true of my servant Moses...with him I speak face-to-face, clearly and not in riddles..." (Num 12:6-8). God's normal way of speaking to his prophets was in dreams, visions and riddles (riddles, or 'dark speech', refer to God using language figuratively, as in a parable). Moses had a unique relationship with God, who spoke to him 'face to face' (Ex 33:11; Deut 34:10).

In the sad story of King Saul it is recorded, "When Saul enquired of the Lord, the Lord did not answer him, either by dreams, or by Urim, or by prophets" (1 Sam 28:6. Urim means 'lights' and its associated word thummim means 'perfections'. They were connected with the breastplate of the High Priest in some way so as to discover God's will, though no-one now knows how). It was in this desperate situation that Saul made the bad mistake of consulting a medium, and paid for it with his life. God spoke to Israel in differing ways. Many Christians limit the way they hear God to the scriptures or a chance word in a sermon, oblivious of the fact that God's word to us can be visual as well as verbal.

Scripture tells us that God has always spoken in visual as well as verbal ways.

God's word: verbal AND visual

It is significant to observe that the 'writing' (as distinct from 'oral') prophets of the Bible divide into one group of whom it is said that they 'saw' visions (Isaiah, Ezekiel, Amos, Obadiah, Nahum and Habakkuk), and a second group of whom it is said that 'the word' of the Lord came (Jeremiah, Hosea, Joel, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi).¹ The heading of Micah's prophecy contains a reference to both vision and word. God reveals himself in pictures as well as in words.

A picture (so it is said) is worth a thousand words; but if lacking a word that is specific, a visual representation may remain vague. God uses both the verbal and the visual (eg in the Old Testament the Tabernacle and its ceremonies, and in the New Testament the parables and stories of Jesus). Alongside our stress on the word, we need in today's church to recover the important place of visual prophecy.

Alongside our stress on the written word of God, we need in today's church to recover the important place of visual prophecy.

Dreams and visions

If dreams and visions were removed from the Bible, a considerable amount of both Old and New Testaments would undoubtedly vanish. The significant difference between a dream and a vision is that the former occurs during sleep, the latter in full consciousness. The quickly changing images which God brings to our minds during sleep receive minimum conscious resistance, whereas with a vision some effort on our part is necessary to keep the pictures before us. Both dreams and visions pass quickly from the mind and it is desirable to follow the good example of Daniel and to write down what we have seen before it vanishes (Dan 7:1; Job 20:8).

It is pointed out that Peter was in a trance while he received the vision that resulted in the conversion of Cornelius and the opening of the door of faith to the Gentiles. A trance in the Biblical understanding of that word is a mental state into which God brings the person he is addressing so that the senses are partially or wholly suspended. It is not to be confused with an hypnotic or self-induced condition.

The difference between a dream and a vision is that the former occurs during sleep, whilst the latter occurs in full consciousness.

Did Jesus experience either dreams or visions? There is no record that he did, but his words in Luke 10:18, "I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven", may be describing a vision he was seeing. As perfect man he may well have dreamt. We know that he knew perfectly what Moses knew but partially, for he really knew God face-to-face.

Analysis of Bible dreams and visions

In the Old Testament, eleven dreams are recorded, four for those within the covenant people (Jacob, Joseph, Solomon and Daniel) and seven outside (Abimelech, Laban, Pharaoh, his butler and his baker, a Midianite, and Nebuchadnezzar). In the Old Testament there are six visions, five within the covenant people (Abram, Jacob, Samuel, Nathan and Daniel) and one outside (Balaam).

In the New Testament, four dreams are recounted, two from within the covenant people (Joseph and Paul) and two outside (the wise men and Pilate's wife). There are seven visions recorded in the New Testament: six within the covenant people (Zechariah, Peter, John, Ananias, Paul and Stephen) and one who later was brought into the covenant people (Cornelius). There may well have been others, all depending on whether the phrase 'the Lord appeared' means that they had a vision. If so, then the names of Isaac, Gideon, Manoah's wife and Elisha will also need to be added.

Content of Bible dreams and visions

Dreams and visions recorded in Scripture may be grouped as follows:

1. God speaking, or an angel: The objective is to deliver a message, and apart from seeing the angel there is no other visual content.
2. A picture: The revelation is pictorial and conveys no words; a stairway, a flock of speckled goats, a sheaf of corn, some fat and lean cattle, and a loaf of barley bread. Those outside God's people needed an interpretation of the meaning of what they saw.
3. A revelation: The dreams of Daniel and Nebuchadnezzar, together with the visions of John on Patmos recorded in the Revelation, give an outline of God's purpose for the nations and his church.
4. Divine instructions: Telling people what God wants them to do, such as going back to one's native land, escaping to Egypt, calling at Judas' house or coming over to Macedonia.
5. Divine encouragement: Spoken to Abram when he was still childless; to Solomon letting him choose what he wanted; to Joseph when he discovered Mary's condition; and to Paul when he was tempted to be afraid.
6. Divine warning: Spoken to David through Nathan, to Eli's house through Samuel and to Pilate through his wife.

In studying the content of dreams and visions, it is also important to see that they were given at vital turning points in the history of God's people. For example, in the early history: Abraham's wife being kept undefiled by Abimelech, and Jacob fleeing from his brother and subsequently returning to the land. In the infancy of Jesus: Joseph being told not to divorce Mary, and later to flee to Egypt and to return to settle in Galilee.

In the early history of the Church: Peter being told to go to the house of Cornelius, Ananias being directed to the house of Judas to meet Saul and later Paul, to cross to take the gospel westwards to Europe. All these important decisions were consequent upon dreams or visions.

It is important to realise that dreams and visions crop up in Scripture at vital turning points in the history of God's people.

Dreams and visions in church history

When the last apostle died, there was no sudden end to the function of dreams and visions in the church as it continued to grow and develop. Church historians quote incidents showing that God continued in picture language to speak by dreams and visions to Polycarp, Irenaeus, Origen, Tertullian, Cyprian, Augustine and Jerome.

Nearer our own times, John Newton, who was concerned about his condition before God, had a dream which made the way of salvation clear to him. Charles Finney in his autobiography recalls a number of visions he received. In the early days of the Pentecostal movement, William F P Burton, an engineer, went out to Africa to spread the gospel. He had regularly, in his room when he was praying about Africa, seen a vision of a sad native, with a yearning look and a white growth over one eye. At a later date he saw this very man sitting in one of their meetings listening to the message in Africa.

There is insufficient space here to tell of a tent full of angels (in the early days of the British Pentecostal movement), or of a church on fire and yet not being burnt down (in the Indonesian stories of Mel Tari); of the visions that have transformed the life and ministry of David du Plessis, and of Demos Shakarian who founded the Full Gospel Businessmen's Fellowship International; or of the thrice-repeated vision of fires burning all over Great Britain from Lands End to the top of Scotland, given to Jean Darnall and which found their fulfilment in the 1971 Festival of Light.

Finally, consider the Asian minister who was present at the Carmel Gathering in 1986 and had been given a vision of men asleep on the benches in their church whilst the women were standing with their arms uplifted, crying to God (click here for full details of the vision). He knew it showed the true situation in the church in Britain, but to whom should he deliver the content of his vision? The Lord answered his question by giving him a vision of the face of a woman, well-known to us but unknown to him. All he had to do was to wait at the foot of the stairs until the woman appeared whose face he had seen in the vision.

God's forgotten language

Someone coined dreams and visions as 'God's forgotten language', but we cannot afford to forget or neglect them. It would be foolish to become addicted to them, but every one who is seeking to discharge a prophetic ministry needs to present God's 'now' word visually as well as verbally. As Bruce Yocum puts it (Prophecy, p97): "Through visions God opens up to us his action and his plan in a new and powerful way; they have impact." They are also 'faith-building', and that is the purpose for which prophets are in business.

Offer your sub-conscious to God

Without the enabling of the Holy Spirit, no-one can function as a prophet and it is only as we yield our sub-conscious mind to be directed by the Spirit that we shall be able to give visual prophecy its proper place.

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 3, No 4, July/August 1987.

References

1 The prophets Jonah and Daniel do not have the usual biographical introduction.

Recent discussions about the so-called 'blood moons' phenomenon deserve to be weighed carefully. We are publishing two articles for your prayerful consideration and feedback.

There has been much said recently about the prophetic significance of a series of blood red moons and whether this is a fulfilment of biblical prophecy or early signs that will eventually culminate in greater and more pronounced fulfilment. At Prophecy Today, we are cautious about predicting dates but certainly alert to the signs of the times. Our 'Comment' articles are designed to provide help in interpreting these signs and our 'Study' section is an aid for our readers to grow in biblical knowledge and discernment.

Our Board has noted the widespread interest in the so-called 'blood moons' and has traced it back to publications in the USA from Mark Biltz and John Hagee. There have been some responses from the scientific community to these, which indicate that we must be cautious about overstating the case. We are, therefore, still assessing our position.

In the light of this, we are publishing two articles: the first written by one of our Board members and the second by a regular contributor to the ministry of Prophecy Today UK. Our purpose is to offer these as discussion papers for you to consider. Any feedback you are prompted to send us will be welcome.

THE TIMING OF THE SH'MITTAH YEAR

Greg Stevenson

It was midnight on 4 September 2010, in South Island NZ.

Like any city in the hours before dawn, this city was outwardly quiet and asleep. But some families couldn't sleep because their normally quiet dogs continually barked, asking to be let out and then in again. In the countryside, a farmer bringing his herd in for milking stared in disbelief when all 500 cows suddenly sat down. Another farmer went to let his agitated dog out at about 4am and suddenly birds began to chirp, the neighbour's pigs started to squeal and his own cows began to bellow. Then, just as suddenly, all went quiet. Something odd was happening. At 4:35am a terrifying 7.1 magnitude earthquake struck, about 40km west of Christchurch. 4 September 2010 will be remembered.

No-one knows exactly what animals sense at such times, but the Creator has placed in them an awareness of his mighty power of which we know nothing. Migratory birds obey their God-given instincts but man refuses to obey God's laws (Jer 8:7). He has warned us clearly in his word of the consequences of such actions. Indeed, judgment is coming upon this sinful world, for Paul reminds us that God has appointed a day when he will judge the world in righteousness (Acts 17:31).

Signs and patterns

God speaks to us in many ways – through his word, through his creation, through dreams or visions, through some traumatic event, or directly by his Spirit. He also calls out to us through the warning system he has given us - our conscience (personal or national), so we know when we should turn back to him.

But to societies and nations that rebel against him, he warns them with judgment, and we can see clear examples of this in the world today. In his patience to bring man to repentance, one way he speaks is through repetitive patterns that help us to recognise his voice. A series of warnings include his use of cycles of 7, notably Shabbat, the 7^th day, Sh'mittah, the 7^th year, and Jubilee, the 50^th year (the year after 7x7 years). Seven is the number of completion, perfection, or fullness, and God's prophetic calendar is based on this number. Seven is found in so much of his creation - one might say it is God's own number.

Times of rest

Every 7^th day is called Shabbat. The word simply means rest; it's a time of rest for all mankind. But Exodus 16:23 also tells us it is "a holy Sabbath to the Lord". It is a God-ordained day for man to follow to reflect his Maker's pattern, a day to make a dwelling-place for God each week, a place he so desires.

Likewise, every 7^th year was to be a year of rest, a Sh'mittah year. This word means to release, from the Hebrew root shamat, meaning to let fall, or fling down. Every 7^th year the land was to be released from the work of producing food, and lie fallow for a whole year. It is called "the Lord's release" (Ex 23:11, Lev 25:2-7, Deut 15:1-7).

The Sh'mittah year

The Sh'mittah year had two principal functions:

1. From the start of the year, the land was to rest, to reflect its Maker's pattern and to enjoy its Sabbaths – this year is "a Sabbath of rest unto the land, a sabbath for the Lord" (Lev 25:2-7).
2. By the end of the year, the people were to obey God's command to remit or release debts (to let them fall, Deut 25:2-3), thus eliminating a polarity of wealth and preventing poverty.

Failure to keep the Sh'mittah year had serious consequences (Lev 36:33-35; 2 Chron. 36:21; Jer 25:11-2, 29:10; Dan 9:2): exile in Babylon for 70 years, to cover the 70 Sh'mittah years that had not been kept (490 years) between 1006-516 BC.

After 7 Sh'mittah years the shofar is sounded and a Jubilee is proclaimed, on Yom Kippur in the 50^th year, when every man returned to his possessions and to his family. We can see here God's choice of cycles of seven.

So why are Sh'mittah years so important?

Here are 7 possible reasons:

1. They bear witness that the land belongs to God, and is entrusted to human beings as stewards (Lev 25:23). We are indebted to God for all we have; our possessions, money, and the produce of our work, whether it's from the land, or from our creative skills - ultimately they all belong to God. Sh'mittah releases our hold on his land, acknowledging his ownership of it and allowing it to rest according to his command.
2. They declare that God is to be put first in all things. Since all blessings come from him, our success is related to our response to his calling on our lives. Secular humanism demands that the earth belongs to, and can be controlled by, humans. Sh'mittah is thus a gift – an opportunity to turn away from secular and worldly values and recognise his provision.
3. They end financial imbalances, the polarity of wealth, financial error and greed, and require the return of essential items for individual survival of each and every family. Sh'mittah requires people to release attachment to material possessions, including land, and it breaks the bonds of dependence on the accumulation of wealth and the love of money.
4. They emphasise a basic flaw in human nature, which separates the blessings of life from the Giver of the blessings. In rejecting God from our lives, blessings are sought through physical things – materialism, wealth, success, knowledge, health - which become idols to replace God. This further reduces spiritual growth, a path which ultimately removes the blessings that come from him. Sh'mittah offers a return to God's blessings.
5. They are an act of obedience, demonstrating our humility and dependence on our Creator. Our self-nature is released, our pride is dealt with, and we can learn to act justly, to love mercy and to walk humbly with our God (Mic 6:8). Sh'mittah gives an opportunity to reflect and represent our Maker to others and to find our security only in him.
6. They are a mirror to Shabbat, a complete year of rest: to release and to be released, to lay down burdens and re-structure our lives. It is a mo'ed, an appointed time to refocus upon God, to make a dwelling-place for him and be refreshed. Sh'mittah, like Shabbat, is intended to be a blessing – restoration, forgiveness, remission, release, refreshment, re-focus and abiding in him.
7. In people, or nations, obedient to this law, the keeping of Sh'mittah in ways that are God-led, is both an act of faith in, and an act of worship to the living God.

The Sh'mittah year as judgment

Only Israel was commanded to observe the Sh'mittah year, but as they moved away from God, he used this year as a sign of warning and as judgment, in both the North and the South Kingdoms, to turn them back to him. This applies to Israel as his covenant people. But as a prophetic sign it may clearly apply to any nation, especially those he has historically blessed and equipped for spreading the gospel. God speaks clearly through Jeremiah (18:7-8):

If at any time I announce that a nation or kingdom is to be uprooted, torn down and destroyed, and if that nation I warned repents of its evil, then I will relent and not inflict on it the disaster I had planned.

The Sh'mittah year may become an instrument of judgment upon nations that do not respond to the warnings God gives them. The sins of ancient Israel have been repeated by modern nations, so we should not be surprised to find God expressing correction in a similar way today to turn nations back to him. Yet this can also bring blessing, if people heed the warnings and turn back to God, as Israel did through their exile in Babylon. By following God's word through Ezekiel, they increased in number and wealth, and idolatry was no more found among them after their return to the Promised Land.

Two examples: America and Britain

America was founded on biblical principles, based upon Israel, and consecrated to God on 30 April 1789 by its first President, George Washington. In his inaugural address, he gave a prophetic message: "The propitious smiles of Heaven can never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right which Heaven itself hath ordained".

However, from early times leaders in America have set themselves against the Lord and against his Anointed, breaking the restraining bands of God's laws and casting off the cords of his love. Over the past 50 years, there have been major economic and financial catastrophes following a 7-year cycle, with each fall occurring at the end of the Sh'mittah years (see Table 1). These have become more severe as God has increased the shaking world-wide since 1986. Warnings and opportunities to turn back to God have been largely missed, or responses have been short-lived.

Psalm 2 tells us that if nations rebel against the Lord, with no response to his warnings, he will judge them (Heb. bahal, terrify, cause to tremble). Even after the climatic storms that the Lord has brought upon America since 1965, and increasingly now upon the UK as well, neither nation has learned this lesson. Both have forgotten God's hand of blessing of power and wealth, as both nations took his message of salvation to the world. It is good to remember God's caution at times like this: "You may say to yourself, "My power and the strength of my hands have produced this wealth for me." But remember the LORD your God, for it is he who gives you the ability to produce wealth..." (Deut 8:17-18).

Like the people of Ephraim and Samaria in ancient Israel, after 9/11 America, instead of seeking God in humility asking why such a terrible disaster had occurred, defiantly declared: "the bricks have fallen down but we will build with dressed stone; the fig trees have been felled but we will replace them with cedars." Sadly, this verse was originally a statement of Israel's rebellion against God which America's political leaders misunderstood. This was the Lord's response: "But the people have not returned to him who struck them...Those who guide this people mislead them, and those who are guided are led astray." (Isa 9:9-16).

This year there have been two tectonic events in which the UK and the USA have crossed a line.

1. 31 March - in the UK the same-sex 'marriage' Bill became law.
2. 26 June - in the USA also, the Supreme Court (by a 5/4 majority of 9 lawyers) legalised same-sex 'marriage' in all US states.

These culture-changing events will affect not just marriage, but the nations and, not least, the church. The church's response in both nations has been largely silent, or accepting, but recall Philip Wren's prophetic voice that if legalised in the UK, gay marriage will be a rod of correction on a disobedient church.

Sh'mittah 2014/15

Sh'mittah years end on the 29^th of the last month Elul, the day before Rosh Hashanah (1^st Tishrei, or Jewish New Year). This year, the 29 Elul falls on 13 September and is marked by a solar eclipse, the fifth of six signs in the heavens in the past two years, which God has given to get our attention.

If God continues the pattern he has used to turn nations back to him, we may see a major judgment in the months after 29 Elul/13 September 2015 in both the USA and the UK. Many media comments this year have anticipated a stock market crash in late 2015, and world markets are increasingly fragile. When the Chinese yuan was devalued (>3%) last month, there were widespread losses on stock exchanges throughout Asia and Europe.

We remember the so-called 'Flash Crash' in 2010 when Wall Street fell 600 points in just 5 minutes, losing $1Tn. This year, the UK FTSE 100 share index has hit a record high, a feature also seen prior to crashes in 1987 and 2007-8 (note also that the last trading day to remit debts will be Friday 11 September 2015, before Shabbat begins at sunset. This is also the day of the debate in the House of Commons on the evil Assisted Dying Bill).

However, the dates of this shaking are less important than the purpose. The tetrad of total lunar eclipses at Pesach and Sukkot, in 2014/2015 and ending in this Sh'mittah season, is one sign that God is using to call out to the nations (and to Israel) to turn and repent, to restore a right relationship with the Lord, and with families, neighbours, friends and enemies. Beloved, the time is short. Now is the day of salvation. The Lord says to us, as he said to Isaiah, "Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?"

Understand the message

In Luke 12:56, Yeshua expressed amazement at the people's hypocrisy: "You know how to interpret the appearance of the earth and the sky. How is it that you don't know how to interpret this present time?" And in response to questions about those who had been killed in accidents (v4), or by evil men (v1), Jesus said, "Unless you repent, you too will all perish." Do you think he might be saying this to us today also? Do we discern the time rightly? This should be a major focus for small house groups and for larger churches in the coming weeks. Many churches offer little or no biblical teaching on understanding the times in which we are living.

We need to know and proclaim the place of safety for these days. The Hebrew word for safety is Yeshua. In his talk with Nicodemus on the need to be born again of the Holy Spirit, Jesus said "Truly, truly, except a man is born again, he cannot see the Kingdom of God" (John 3:3). When Jesus says "Truly, truly", he means it - for he is The Truth (John 14:6). No discussion, no argument, no relative excuses. By contrast, after the Supreme Court decision in June, Obama declared: "This ruling is a victory for America. When all Americans are treated equal we are all more free" (Washington Post, 26 June 2015). However, it is not equality that sets us free, but The Truth (John 8:32).

These days are the days of Elijah, to be the voice that declares God's word. These are the days of Ezekiel, to be labourers in his harvest. These are the days that Isaiah saw, when he said, "See, darkness covers the earth, and thick darkness is over the peoples." See – it is a call to watch, to take heed, to be aware of what God is doing in the world; how he is intervening in the earth, and to be watchmen for our nation. There are very dark clouds gathering over the nations, which are in distress and perplexed (Luke 21:25).

Our response

"And this gospel of the Kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come" (Matt 24:14).

God is calling us to take note of his warnings, to be lights in dark places, boldly to share our testimonies of his goodness and to be sons of Issachar, who know the signs of the times and how they apply to both Israel and the nations.

We need to understand what the Lord is saying, and pray that the great shaking of the nations that is happening in our lifetime will produce the fullness of God's purpose. We must also pray for the true church, Jew and Gentile, to rise up and fulfil its calling. We must be careful not to pray for God to stop the shaking (Hag 2, Heb 12), or to stop bringing evil into the light, in case we put ourselves against God. It is God who forms the light and creates darkness.

We should have Israel, and America and Britain, in our prayers: praying for greater trust and faith in God who is the only one who can give peace and security to the nations through Jesus our Messiah, the One who died that we might live, and who rose again to give us life.

Kumi ori ki va orech, u'khvod Adonai alaich zarach.
Arise shine, for your light has come, and the glory of the Lord rises upon you.
(Isa 60:1)

This is for Israel, of course, but also for believers in the Gentile nations who are grafted in among them.

Table 1: some dates and events for Bible study, prayer and discussion.

Notes on Table 1

This table relates major events in the USA and Israel to the end of Sh'mittah years, especially the 29 Elul. It also shows the 7- and 28-year cycles.

* = occurred in a Sh'mittah year.

Patterns of note:

• 28-year interval between the US victory after WII and their defeat after Vietnam;
• 28-year intervals between the conception, completion, and destruction of the World Trade Centre (WTC) towers;
• 7-year interval between physical shaking in Sept 2001 (9/11) and financial shaking in Sept 2008;
• significance of 29 Elul -
  • 7 Sept 1945: Victory Parade of the Allies
  • 19 Oct 1987: Black Monday stock crash, leading to $500bn loss.
  • 29 Elul was on 23 Sept 1987, or Black Monday
  • 17 Sept 2001 9/17, Stock market crash, stock down 37%
  • 29 Sept 2008 Greatest stock market point crash (777 points), stock down 56%, exactly 7 years after the 9/17 crash
  • Prospectively, 13 Sept 2015 - 7 years after the 2008 crash; now 28 years after Black Monday 1987.
• significance of Solar Eclipses:
  • 23 Sept 1987: just ahead of Black Monday
  • 10 May 2013: completion of the One WTC
  • 20 Mar 2015: erev 1 Nisan – the very middle day of the Sh'mittah year 5775. A total eclipse.
  • 28 Sept 2015: 15 Tishri, start of Sukkot.

A TIME TO MOURN AND A TIME TO DANCE

By Charles Gardner

There is a season for everything under heaven, according to the wisdom of Solomon. And I'm specifically thinking of his dictum that there's "a time to mourn and a time to dance" (Ecc 3:4).

Black clouds of impending doom are swooping down upon us all, and especially on God's ancient people, but the rainbow of ultimate peace also lies ahead, and we should not be too down-hearted.

On September 14 there will be much rejoicing as Jews everywhere celebrate their New Year in a month set to witness some quite extraordinary, even alarming, events connected with the future of Israel. I will look at these in a moment.

A time of mourning

We have just marked a time of mourning for Israel – a date known as the 9^th of Av in the Jewish calendar (25 July this year) which brings back bad memories of a past which has seen so many attempts to annihilate the Jewish nation.

It was on this date that the First Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC. And it was on the very same day 656 years later – in 70 AD – that the Romans destroyed the Second Temple. The Jews subsequently rebelled against their occupiers, but were brutally butchered in 133 AD – again on the 9^th of Av – after which they were dispersed to all four corners of the earth.

This included England, from which they were expelled in 1290 AD – on the 9^th of Av. Then in 1492 they were expelled from Spain and given four months to put their affairs in order and leave the country, the deadline for which was the 9^th of Av.

Then came World War II and the Holocaust, said by historians to have been the long drawn-out conclusion of World War I, which broke out on the 9^th of Av. And, it is said, the first gas chambers were put into use on the very same day of the year!

Understandably, the Jewish people have much to mourn. And our duty as Christians, grafted into the olive tree of God's chosen people (Rom 11:11-24), is to love them, stand with them and pray for them.

September 2015: a significant month?

A series of significant events are scheduled for September, starting perhaps with the New Year celebrations. The Pope will be visiting the White House to meet with the President on the holiest day of the Jewish Year (Yom Kippur, 23 September 23). And a super-sized blood-red moon will shine over Jerusalem on 28 September during the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot). This will be the last of four successive 'blood moons' (known as a 'tetrad') to coincide with the main Jewish feasts of Passover and Sukkot in 2014 and 2015, a rare occurrence last witnessed in 1967 when, as a result of the Six-Day War, the Old City of Jerusalem came under Israeli control for the first time in 2,000 years.

In addition, the United Nations are said to be planning to declare a Palestinian state without Israel's consent or input and there is also, of course, the ongoing threat of Hamas and Hezbollah along with that of a potentially nuclear-armed Iran whose leaders have made no bones about their intention to "wipe Israel off the map". The recent deal negotiated with the big powers is, at best, only putting off the evil day rather than neutralising a dangerous rogue state.

In the light of this, an 800-year-old rabbinic commentary is most revealing. Known to the Jewish world as the Yalkut Shimoni, its translation by Rabbi Nachman Kahana includes this specific portion:

Paras (Persia-Iran) will be the dread of humanity. The world's leaders will be frustrated in their futile efforts to save what they can, but to no avail. The people of Yisrael will also be petrified by the impending danger. And HaShem (the Lord) will say to us, 'Why are you afraid? All of this I have done in order to bring you the awaited redemption. And this redemption will not be like the redemption from Egypt, which was followed by suffering. This redemption will be absolute, followed by peace.

The Messiah's return

Various Jewish rabbis are now sensing that their Messiah is soon to come. The day is surely not far off when beleaguered Israel will recognize the One who has loved them with an everlasting love (Jer 31:3) and who is destined to reign from Jerusalem for a thousand years of perfect peace (Rev 20:4).

Jesus told his disciples that his coming would follow an unprecedented period of distress after which "the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light" (Matt 24:29. Interestingly, a total solar eclipse occurred in the midst of the current tetrad of blood moons).

"At that time men will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory," he said. (Mark 13:24-26)

Come, Lord Jesus!

I am indebted for much background to David Soakell of Christian Friends of Israel and to Kolyah, a correspondent in the know who wishes to keep a low profile for security reasons.

Balaam: a biblical warning against mingling the exercise of spiritual gifts with unGodly living...

Balaam steps into the pages of Old Testament history at the request of Balak, king of the Moabites, at the time when the Children of Israel were on the point of moving into Canaan, the Promised Land. Like the inhabitants of Jericho, the Moabites had heard how Jehovah had rescued the Israelites from Egypt by drying up the Red Sea and by destroying Sihon and Og, the two Amorite kings and - to quote the later words of Rahab the prostitute – "When we heard of it, our hearts sank and everyone's courage failed" (Josh 2:11).

It was because Balak and his people felt threatened by the proximity, strength and reputation of the Israelites that he sent a deputation to Pethor on the Euphrates to ask the well-known soothsayer Balaam if he would come and curse the children of Israel. In fact, Balak and his people need have had no such fear as Jehovah had given strict orders to Moses to pass through their country without hurting them in any way. It was a case of "there they were, overwhelmed with dread, when there was nothing to dread" (Psa 53:5).

Balak's request to Balaam

Balak, filled with fear, sent messengers to summon Balaam to come and curse Israel, in the belief that if the soothsayer did so the Moabite king would be able to defeat them and drive them out of his territory. The deputation brought with them the usual fee for Balaam's services (Num 22:1-7).

Balaam's reply was to give them overnight hospitality while he consulted Yahweh to discover whether it was right to go with these men on the long journey to where the Moabites and the Israelites were in close proximity on the east of the Jordan, where that river runs into the Dead Sea. The reply Balaam received from Jehovah was short but clear: "Do not go with them. You must not put a curse on them, because they are blessed" (Num 22:12). So the deputation returned to Balak and told him that Balaam had refused to come.

Convert to Yahweh

Before going further to discover what special understanding of prophetic character we may learn from the story of this strange man, we must come to terms with the fact that although Balaam was not numbered among the Children of Israel and indeed lived a long way from them, he had come to acknowledge Yahweh as the true God in a remarkable way.

The American scholar William F Albright, whose definitive work shed so much light on this era, described Balaam as "a north Syrian diviner from the Euphrates Valley...who became a convert to Yahwehism" (Journal of Biblical Literature, September 1944, p232).

There are elements in his way of doing things which are reminiscent of heathen divination (cf. Num 24:1), but it is clear beyond all doubt that Balaam knew the true God and could hear what he was saying.

Although Balaam was not an Israelite, and his ways incorporated elements of heathen divination, he had come to acknowledge Yahweh as the true God in a remarkable way.

A genuine prophet

The prophetic words of Balaam (which together number more than those written by the prophet Obadiah) were not the product of incantations or occultic rites, neither was he in any trance state when he spoke them; they were spoken directly under the direction of the Spirit of God (Num 24:2).

King Balak made three attempts at getting Balaam to curse the Israel people by taking him to different vantage points from which he could see less or more of their encampment (Num 22:41, 23:13, 23:27 and 24:2), but God caused Balaam to bless rather than curse them. Moses said that this was because the Lord loved them (Deut 23:5).

Evidence of genuine prophecy

We have already seen that the manner in which Balaam prophesied showed him to be a genuine prophet. To this we can add the testimony of the Bible writer as he reports the attitude of Balaam when he says; "I must speak only what God puts in my mouth...Must I not speak what the Lord puts in my mouth?...I must say only what the Lord says" (Num 22:38, 23:12 and 24:13).

The manner in which Balaam prophesied showed him to be a genuine prophet, speaking directly under the direction of the Spirit of God.

The writer himself records, "The Lord put a message in Balaam's mouth" (Num 23:5). The third line of evidence that Balaam was a genuine prophet may be seen in the subject matter of his prophesying, to which we now turn.

Balaam's four 'oracles'

Balaam spoke three oracles (an oracle means that which is spoken directly from God, see 1 Pet 4:11) in response to Balak's threefold request that Balaam should curse the Children of Israel (Num 23:7-10, 23:17-24 and 24:2-9). But instead of curses, on each occasion he blessed them. After these he added a fourth oracle describing how Israel would conquer her enemies, including Balak's own kingdom of Moab.

A short final oracle foretold the ruin of the Amalekites and the destruction of the Kenites. The reference to Asshur being subdued does not refer to Assyria, the mighty kingdom that conquered Israel in later years, but to an Arabian tribe (see Gen 25:3, 18 and Psa 83:8). This reference is therefore no evidence for the late dating of Balaam's story. As Albright (in the article noted above) says, "There is nothing in the matter of these poems which requires a date in the tenth century or later for original composition".

Theology of God

In his oracles Balaam refers to God as 'El' the mighty God, as 'Shaddai' the almighty provider, as 'Elyon' the supreme, and 'Melek' the King, and constantly calls him by his covenant name Jehovah or Yahweh. This reveals, for a heathen soothsayer, an amazing grasp of the nature of God.

He also makes a statement about the utter reliability of the God who keeps his promises, a passage that has brought untold reassurance to God's people in times of testing and doubt: "God is not a man that he should lie, nor a son of man, that he should change his mind. Does he speak and then not act? Does he promise and then not fulfil?" (Num 23:19).

Israel's future

The Lion Handbook of the Bible is right in calling Balaam's words "a remarkable prediction of Israel's future" (p190). Balaam declares that Israel is a separated nation: "I see a people dwelling alone, who do not consider themselves one of the nations" (Num 23:9). Israel is unique in the purposes of God, with its religious rites, its diet and its destiny. Israel is to be numerous like the dust; as God said to Abram, "I will make your offspring like the dust of the Earth, so that if anyone could count the dust, then your offspring could be counted" (Gen 13:16).

Israel will be victorious over all her enemies: "The people rise like a lioness; they rouse themselves like a lion that does not rest till he devours his prey" (Num 23:24). "Israel will grow strong" or, as some translators prefer, "Israel performs valiantly" (Num 24:18b).

For a heathen soothsayer, Balaam had an amazing grasp of the nature of God.

Balaam shows that the reason for these things is God's special care for her and her future. God acts on behalf of Israel (Num 23:23b). God rescued Israel from Pharaoh (Num 24:8). God's presence is with Israel (Num 23:21 b) and therefore she is protected and no sorcery or divination can hurt her (Num 23:23b). Misery and misfortune are not to be found in her borders (Num 23:21). Balaam draws our attention to God's people saying, "See what God has done!" (Num 23:23b).

The promised Messiah

Balaam is privileged to have his eyes opened to see the coming Messiah: "I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not close at hand. A star will come out of Jacob and a sceptre will rise out of Israel...a ruler will come out of Jacob" (Num 24:17, 19). Was it this prophecy of Balaam that was treasured in the East, that brought wise men to Bethlehem because of the sight of an unusual star over the land of Judea?

Universal condemnation

With so much about Balaam that was commendable, why is it that the scriptures of both Old and New Testaments are unanimous in their condemnation of him? We do not know all the reasons but Scripture gives us sufficient information to constitute a terrible warning to any who dare to combine the exercise of supernatural gifts with unholy living.

He is shown to be headstrong and persistently disobedient. When Balak's deputation asked Balaam to go to their king, Balaam was told categorically by the Lord; "Do not go with them!" (Num 22:12). Because of this he sent Balak's deputation back to Moab, refusing to accompany them. However, when a second deputation arrived consisting of a larger number of more distinguished princes (Num 22:15), instead of telling them that God had forbidden him to go, he began to slip, saying he would see whether perhaps God might have changed his mind! (Num 22:19). Remember, this was the prophet who had affirmed that God never did change his mind! (Num 23:19).

Recognising that Balaam was determined to go to Balak, God gave him permission (Num 22:20), but made it abundantly clear through an opposing angel and a speaking ass that he did not approve of Balaam's action (Num 22:21-35).

Though so much about Balaam was commendable, Scripture uses his example as a terrible warning against the exercise of supernatural gifts with unholy living.

Other passages of Scripture make it clear that there was a financial aspect to Balaam's sin. At first sight this is surprising when we remember that in answering Balak's second deputation Balaam had claimed, "Even if Balak gave me his palace filled with silver and gold I could not go" (Num 22:18). There are other Bible references however which accuse him of avarice, and Peter states that Balaam "loved the wages of wickedness" (e.g. Jude 11, 2 Pet 2:15). Matthew Henry in his famous commentary remarks, "We may here discern in Balaam a struggle between his convictions and his corruptions".

The third thing of which Balaam is accused in scripture is sexual immorality. No one would have suspected this had not the Bible made it clear that after his repeated refusal to curse Israel he joined himself to the Midianites and led them to corrupt Israel by blatant immorality (Num 25:1-9, Rev 2:14). The same passage in Revelation also accuses Balaam of idolatry in that he encouraged Israel to eat food sacrificed to idols.

Balaam is killed

In Balaam's first oracle he had expressed a wish concerning his death, which many people have echoed since that time: "Let me die the death of the righteous, and may my end be like theirs!" (Num 23:10b). Sadly, this was not to be his experience, for if we want to die the death of the righteous we must live the life of the righteous.

When the time came for Moses to take vengeance on the Midianites for the way they had corrupted Israel, they also killed Balaam son of Beor with the sword (Num 31:1-8). Later on, when the time came to divide the Promised Land between the tribes, the record states: "the Israelites had put to the sword Balaam the son of Beor, who practised divination" (Josh 13:22).

If we want to die the death of the righteous, we must live the life of the righteous.

Not a false prophet but an unholy one

The story of this true prophet who lived an immoral life is a very strong warning to any who are manifesting prophetic or other supernatural gifts, but whose lives are at variance with the standards of Christ. Eagerness for financial remuneration and carelessness in the use of funds has wrecked the work of some whose words were irresistibly powerful.

Others have ended their effectiveness in ministry by wrong sexual relationships. Some have turned aside to the occult or to spiritualism, whilst many more have halted the power that once flooded through them by persistent disobedience.

By their fruits..!

Jesus said it was not by their gifts but by their fruit that we are to recognise those who are genuine (Matt 7:16). We reason that if people can hear God and bring a clear prophetic word, if they can bring an accurate word of knowledge or heal the sick, doesn't that prove they are living in a right relationship with God? The answer as seen in Jesus' words and Balaam's life is No! How tragic was the fall of Balaam!

People might hear God, bring clear prophetic words or words of knowledge, or heal the sick. That doesn't prove they are living in a right relationship with God.

How much more tragic is the fall of those who have much more light than Balaam had and yet whose spiritual gifts are not matched by holiness! Jesus said that many in that day will say to him, "Did we not prophesy in your name, and in your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?" They like Balaam will merit the wrath of the Lamb and must at the last hear him say, "I never knew you!"

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 3 No 3, May/June 1987.

Two important prophecies that speak of the role of believing women in Britain's future: one from a Russian bishop in 1911, and the other from an Asian Christian, given at the 1986 Mount Carmel gathering.

The 1911 Prophecy: Background

Mother Barbara, Valentina Niolaevna Zoegkova, was born in Moscow on January 2 1889, the fourth child of extremely pious parents. Her father, Nicholas Alexeevitch, was chief director of one of the biggest banks in Russia, yet throughout his life he dedicated himself to defending the interests of the church and to serving its people.

From her birth, Valentina was surrounded by the intensely spiritual. Her family were often visited by 'starets' (holy men) and other Russian religious figures. This kind of contact filled her with an intense desire to consecrate herself to the Church and in her early youth she was blessed for missionary work and monachism by her spiritual father, Bishop Arseny of Moscow.

One starets who regularly visited her parents' home was Bishop Aristocoli, from Mount Athos. Ten days before his death, Aristocoli spend some time in discussion with Valentina, outlining her own future and that of a Russia already under a revolutionary yoke.

"You have received the gift of speaking and writing about what is useful for the soul, especially in our times", said Aristocoli. "Your inclination to monastic life will find its fulfilment, but far from here. You will live in one country, then will go further - to Palestine, to Jerusalem, and you will live there for a long, long time. In Jerusalem is the Holy Land, where much work and activities exist. You will live under different powers, but do not fear anything. You will always be under the protection of a right and just hierarchy.

Many sufferings will come to the world. Many people will perish. But it is not yet the end of the world; the time and the hour are known only by God. God's army- the powers of angels -will battle with Satan's army. In Russia people will suffer. It will be a worldwide sorrow from the evil spirits who put to trial all believers in God. Many will be killed. God knows who he must take, and who to leave. But Russia's fate is in God's hands and she will rise again. It will be a great miracle of renewal after great sufferings, sent to her with purifying aims. Light from the Orient will shine on the whole world and God will forgive in answer to suffering and repentance. This is very important- to have a conscience about one's sins; everyone and all are siners and all must repent."

The starets said much more to Valentina, foreseeing the establishing of a convent in Palestine and the building of a school, all of which eventually came to pass.

The 1911 Prophecy

Shortly before his death, Bishop Aristocoli passed this prophecy onto Mother Barbara.

Tell the women they must belong absolutely to God.They must believe in the great things that are happening and that God is doing on the earth. They must prepare their souls, their children and their husbands. And they will have very much work to do for God. Oh, what a great work the women will have to do in the end time, and the men will follow them.

Not one country will be without trial - do not be frightened of anything you will hear. An evil will shortly take Russia and wherever this evil comes, rivers of blood will flow. This evil will take the whole world and wherever it goes, rivers of blood will flow because of it. It is not the Russian soul, but an imposition on the Russian soul. It is not an ideology, or a philosophy, but a spirit from hell.

In the last days Germany will be divided in two. France will just be nothing. Italy will be judged by natural disasters. Britain will lose her empire and all her colonies and will come to almost total ruin, but will be saved by praying women. America will feed the world, but will finally collapse. Russia and China will destroy each other. Finally, Russia will be free and from her, believers will go forth and turn many from the nations to God.

The 1986 Prophecy: Background

On Mount Carmel, March 1986, an Asian man shared a prophetic insight with a woman from Britain. He had visited Britain only on the one occasion of his journey to Israel for the Carmel gathering, and knew little or nothing of the state of the church. As he stepped over the threshold of the conference centre on Mount Carmel, he was aware of a strong anointing from God and was given a vision concerning Britain.

The 1986 Prophecy

He saw a large church with a number of people in it. As he looked he saw that the men were asleep on their benches- and scattered around the church were women standing with arms uplifted crying to God.

He asked the Lord, 'What is this?'

God said 'I am showing you the true situation in the church in Britain. The men are asleep and not aware of what is going on, but I have my handmaidens who are seeking my face and who are understanding my heart and I am using my handmaidens for the nation.'

He then asked the Lord for a scripture to confirm the vision and the interpretation and was immediately given Judges 4:4: The situation in Israel at that time was bad and God chose a woman, Deborah, to judge Israel. She knew God's ways and was receiving messages for the people. Then, when she saw that the time for confrontation had come, she called for the man who was commander-in-chief of the army (she respected him and reverenced God's order). He would not go without her, so she went with him and because of this the victory would be the Lord's, but the honour would go to the women. Jaal hammered in the nail that killed Sisera, captain of the enemy forces. God used women who both knew his ways and waged warfare and gained the final victory.

God's call comes to his handmaidens of Britain to stand strong, to seek his face, to know his ways and to wage warfare. He says 'I am with you, be strong and of a good courage.' They will be persecuted from within the churches, but the time will come when those same people will come and ask them to show them the way in the battle and to go with them. The Lord will be victorious through the church but the honour will go to his handmaidens. 'When my people take a firm stand then I will reveal my glory through them'.

Zechariah 4:7 - the mountains will become a plain - we have nothing to fear.

Continuing his series on prophecy, Edmund Heddle turns to the life and ministry of John the Baptist.

Great interest was excited throughout the land of Israel when after three hundred years of prophetic silence, John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness of Judah. He required the people to submit to a baptism of repentance in the River Jordan as the only right way to prepare for the imminent arrival of the Messiah (Luke 3:3).

This 'prophet of the Most High' (to use the description given him by his father Zechariah immediately after his birth and naming, see Luke 1:76) was to be the recipient of the highest accolade possible for a prophet to receive when, years later, Jesus declared "there has not risen anyone greater than John the Baptist" (Matt 11:11). Clearly, it is essential to include a consideration of John's prophetic ministry as we seek to understand 'What is a prophet?'

Contemporary Religious Outlook

The Jewish people, smarting under the Roman army of occupation, had been saved from complete despair by the messages of the great Hebrew prophets to which they listened in their synagogues Sabbath by Sabbath. Most of them wanted God's promise of deliverance to bring them a Messiah, a King of outstanding strength, who would rid them of their foreign overlords. However, there were a smaller number, sometimes styled the 'quiet in the land', who prayed continuously and looked expectantly for a righteous leader, a great prophet like Moses.

At a time when many nations are facing great political uncertainty with immorality, crime and violence apparently unstoppable; like Israel of old they need the prophetic warning that unless they repent disaster is inevitable, together with the persistent cry of the 'quiet' intercessors who prepare the Lord's way into their crisis situations.

At a time of such uncertainty, like Israel of old we need both prophetic warnings and the persistent cry of the 'quiet' intercessors who prepare God's way."

Similar Background

John and Jesus, who were cousins, both shared this latter background and were brought up among those who like Simeon "were waiting for the consolation of Israel" (Luke 2:25). There are intriguing parallels between the lives of these two. John and Jesus were born at nearly the same time, and in both cases their births were miraculous. They both had a long period of 'hidden years' before their public ministry, yet in total their lives were both short. At the commencement of their public ministry they knew tremendous popularity, but for both this later gave place to unmerciful hatred.

Finally both were killed by those who hated them and their righteousness. In each case only a handful of their disciples mourned their master's death and cared enough to carry their dead bodies away for burial. Today's prophets, like those of long ago, must be prepared to face rejection and suffering. Their demand for personal holiness and national righteousness is unlikely to improve their popularity rating.

Yet So Different

That there are striking similarities in the backgrounds and subsequent life experience of John and Jesus cannot be denied, and yet in other ways they were so different.

First, in their attitude to life. Jesus summed up their differences in his familiar words: "For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say 'He has a demon.' The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say 'Here is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax-collectors and sinners" (Matt 11:18-19).

Second, in their kind of ministry. Folk who were commending John's ministry nevertheless admitted "John never performed a miraculous sign" (John 10:41). Whereas, when John's disciples asked Jesus if he was the coming Messiah, he pointed to his miracles as evidence and told them to tell John: "The blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the deaf hear, the dead are raised", and that he should cease doubting that Jesus was the Messiah, even though their ministries were so different.

There are intriguing parallels between the life of Jesus and that of John the Baptist, but they also differed greatly in their attitude to life, their ministry and witness."

Third, in the duration of their witness. Jesus showed that John was "a lamp that burned and gave light" (John 5:35) and for a while they had enjoyed his light. As a lamp attracts moths so for a while did John attract the crowds and even Herod himself (Mark 6:20). John was just a lamp which had to be lit and fed with oil. Jesus however is the self-perpetuating light to which John came to bear witness (John 1:8-9). Prophets may differ in their interpretation of Scripture and in the lifestyle they choose to adopt, but they need to be careful that their opinions and actions do not colour or conceal the pure light of Christ shining through them.

Fundamental Difference

The basic difference between John and Jesus was one that John was ever eager to point out. Jesus was 'the coming one', the one whose coming the prophets had foretold. John's coming was also foretold in Scripture but he was never more than a herald, a messenger sent to prepare the way of the Lord (Isa 40:3; Matt 11:10).

John stated that he was not fit to carry Jesus' sandals (Matt 3:11) for God had made it clear to him that when the dove came down and remained on Jesus after his baptism, this indicated that Jesus was nothing less than the Son of God (John 1:32-34). John is forever the servant of, and is inferior to, the Lord Jesus.

Jesus went even further when he said that "he who is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than [John]" (Matt 11:11). Those who are in the Kingdom are brought nearer to God, have a clearer knowledge of God and have higher privileges than the greatest that were before Christ. So the prophets who prepare the way for the Second Coming of the Lord Jesus have a greater and more glorious message than John could have imagined.

John and the Earlier Prophets

Jesus regarded John as the greatest of the Old Testament prophets (Matt 11:11). In what ways was he like them and did he differ from them? John the Baptist did not reproduce all the aspects to be seen in the Old Testament prophets. We have already seen that he did not perform any miracles to confirm his spoken word, neither do we have any record of his making public intercession for the nation.

Jesus regarded John the Baptist as the greatest of the Old Testament prophets. John may not have performed miracles, but he was given the privilege of introducing the Saviour of mankind onto the public stage."

However, we hear him making strong ethical demands of his hearers and he reiterates the earlier prophets' demand for repentance. Unlike those who preceded him he was able to announce that God's promised visitation of his people was imminent. He stands alone in his use of baptism as an act of prophetic symbolism and is unique in his being able physically to introduce the Saviour of mankind on to the stage of his public ministry.

Jesus' Admiration of John

On the occasion when the deputation of John's disciples were leaving, Jesus spoke to the crowd about John. "What did you go out into the desert to see? A reed swayed by the wind? If not, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine clothes? No, those who wear fine clothes are in king's palaces. Then what did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you and more than a prophet. This is the one about whom it is written 'I will send my messenger ahead of you who will prepare your way before you'" (Matt 11:7-10).

John was not someone who would allow the winds of opposition to deter him from doing what he knew was right. Neither was he a pampered courtier fawning over the monarch. He was a man with a message and a man who had the courage to deliver that message. In fact this was how John came to spend the last part of his life in prison, because he had the courage to rebuke Herod the Tetrarch for taking his brother's wife (Matt 14:3-4).

John never allowed opposition to deter him from doing the right thing. He was a man with a message, the delivery of which required great courage and a strictly disciplined life."

Earlier John had given very clear and critical advice to tax collectors, soldiers and others who came to him seeking baptism (Luke 3:10-14). Even the religious leaders were made to face the need for a change of lifestyle before their professed repentance could be accepted. John likened them to the snakes that came scurrying out of their shelter in the grass and bushes when a desert fire broke out (Matt 3:7). It is a demanding role to declare what God requires of people both in secular and religious spheres of life, requiring not only considerable courage but also a strictly disciplined life.

Holy Violence

Jesus commended the single-minded determination he saw in John the Baptist and said that this was the attitude required of those who would seek to enter the kingdom. "From the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven has suffered violence, and men of violence take it by force" (Matt 11:12 RSV). The time had come to cast aside indifference and to maintain a holy resolution. Jesus' crusade for 'holy violence' was not a physical one, but a spiritual one: it required the death of formality in the quest for utter holiness.

John the Baptist's Problems

There were two temptations that John had to face. The first was when people began to turn away from John to join up with Jesus in considerable numbers, as their ministries proceeded side by side in Judea. One of John's lieutenants reported: "Rabbi, that man who was with you on the other side of the Jordan...well, he is baptising and everyone is going to him" (John 3:26). As happens so often, the truth was spiced up with a bit of exaggeration, but John refused the temptation as he replied: "A man can receive only what is given to him from heaven." He may have been tough, but he was certainly also gracious.

The greatest problem for John was being imprisoned by Herod. It must have been terrible for this man of the desert used to the wind blowing through his hair and able to freshen his sun-tanned face in the waters of the Jordan - he must have felt like a caged animal. In such circumstances John fell victim to doubt and depression (see Matt 11:2-6). Was this Jesus really the Messiah? Why wasn't he burning up the chaff? Why was he not demolishing all opposition to his kingdom? Jesus' reply warned him not to be offended at Jesus' very different approach (Matt 11:6).

It is important to remember that even John had doubts, and faced temptations. But his grasp of who Jesus was and what his ministry was about remained outstanding."

A Christ Centred Message

Apart from moments of self-questioning, John is outstanding for his grasp of who Jesus was and what his ministry was about. To John, Jesus is: the Son of God, the Lamb of God, the Baptiser in Holy Spirit, the coming one who had arrived, the one who was before John and greater, the wielder of his winnowing fork, the axe-man aiming at the root of the tree, the one from above, the bridegroom, the one whose sandals John was unfit to untie or carry and supremely the one who comes from heaven and is 'above-all' (Matt 3:10-12; Mark 1:7; John 1:27-34; John 3:29-34)!

John the Baptist shows all today's prophets the right attitude to Jesus when he says: "He must become greater; I must become less!" (John 3:30).

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 2 No 6, November/December 1986.

The following is a prophetic word for Great Britain given through Lance Lambert, who had a great love for the UK as his adopted country after he escaped here from the Nazis as a child. Please read and weigh this prayerfully.

Lance Lambert, Saturday 6 August 2011

Hear the voice of the Lord, O Isles that I have so greatly loved and favoured. I the Lord the Almighty, I took you when you were nothing, clothed with skins and woad, and through My saving power, I made you great. When you were nothing, through My Word and your faith in Me, l lifted you and made you Great Britain. Through many awakenings and many revivals, stage by stage, I took you until you became a great power with the greatest Empire in the history of the nations. From you My Gospel and My Word went throughout the world, and tens of thousands came into an experience of saving faith! That Empire with all its many failings and weaknesses was still one of the most just and righteous Empires of history.

Those Isles of yours were soaked with the blood of My faithful martyrs and its soil received the burnt ashes of those who would not renounce My Name, My Truth, and My Word. I, the Lord have not forgotten those who gave their all for Me!

But now the whole nation that l created and sustained has turned from Me. They paganise their land, state and institutions; there is no voice heard to warn the nation. False religion, the work of world rulers of darkness, cover your Isles; a Laodicean church, neither hot nor cold, rumbles on like machinery. It is a church where I am outside of its routine; its organisation and its methodology. It is Christianity without Me: Religion without Me!

My being is seared with pain, for judgement is determined against your land. I can do no other. I will destroy the vestiges of her greatness; l will return her to her first estate. I will wreck her economy, destabilise her in every way. I will change her climate, even her weather. I will prove to her that the way of the transgressor is hard and terrible. I will allow demonic forces held in check erstwhile by My Word and Gospel, and the living faith of so many, to become rampant in her social life, to the destruction of her society.
Will you who know Me and love Me go blind and dumb and deaf into this judgement?

It is time for you who love Me, who are faithful to Me, to take action! Stand before Me and plead The Finished Work of My Son. At least cry out to Me, that there will be those who turn from darkness, from sin, and be saved for whosoever shall call upon My Name in the midst of these judgements, l will save!

lt will cost you everything to stand in the gap, but you will enter into My heart, and know deep fellowship with Me. Such travail conceived in your heart by My Spirit will cost you deeply, but it will end in My Throne and Glory.

"If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your faith" (Romans 12:6)

In this series on Spiritual Gifts listed in the New Testament, Monica Hill turns from her overview of the various gifts to looking at each of the Gifts listed in Romans 12 in turn.
The first of the gifts mentioned in Romans 12 – prophecy - is mentioned in three of the lists given by Paul - Romans 12, 1 Corinthians 12 and Ephesians 4. Although they all have the same definition of prophecy, there is a distinction between each of them.

In Romans 12, prophecy is one of the natural gifts and is often equated with a good speaker who is able to expound the word of God so that others can understand it and benefit from it. Although this can be an intellectual exercise it is different from the Ministry of the Prophet (Ephesians 4) and the Manifestation (1 Cor 12) and is easily recognised when it 'has an anointing'.

The Romans passage wisely adds the condition that turns good speaking into prophetic proclamation: "in accordance with your faith". This gives the glory to God and follows up the invocation "do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment, in accordance with the faith God has distributed to each of you" (12:3).

There is the lovely story in Acts 24 of this potential gift recognised in Apollos by Aquila and Priscilla:

Meanwhile a Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, came to Ephesus. He was a learned man, with a thorough knowledge of the Scriptures...He began to speak boldly in the synagogue. When Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they invited him to their home and explained to him the way of God more adequately. (Acts 24:24-26)

Apollos became one of the 'anointed preachers' who could draw great crowds to hear the Gospel.

Defining Prophecy

In order to find the biblical definition of prophecy we have to go right back to the time of Moses. In Exodus 3, Moses argues with God after receiving the command to go to Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of Egypt. In the following chapter he pleads that he is not eloquent and asks God to send someone else.

God then makes a special arrangement whereby God would speak to Moses, Moses would speak to Aaron, and Aaron would speak to the people. "It will be as if he were your mouth and as if you were God to him" (Ex 4:16). This gives us the definition of a prophet as the mouthpiece of God.

In Exodus, we find the definition of a prophet as the mouthpiece of God."

Exercising the Gift

Moses said "Would that all the Lord's people were prophets and that the Lord would put His Spirit upon them!" (Num 11:29). This appears straightforward, but we need to put this desire of Moses into context. During the 40 years of Israel's travel through the wilderness, life was not easy and on this occasion the people had become very rebellious and were blaming Moses for bringing them out of Egypt.

When Moses complained to the Lord that he could not cope, the Lord rebuked him saying "Is the Lord's arm too short? [The Amplified Version reads "do you think the Lord's ability and power is thwarted and inadequate?"] Now you will see whether or not what I say will come true for you."

Moses was told to bring together 70 of the elders of Israel into the 'Tent of Meeting' where worship took place. God said:

I will come down and speak with you there, and I will take of the Spirit that is on you and put the Spirit on them. They will help you carry the burden of the people so that you will not have to carry it alone (Num 11:17).

When the Spirit came upon them they prophesied, or as the Amplified version says "they sounded forth the praises of God and declared His will". Another interesting point is that the two men who had stayed in the camp also prophesied. Although this seemed outrageous to Joshua, Moses replied "Are you jealous for my sake? I wish that all the Lord's people were prophets and that the Lord would put his Spirit on them!"

Being able to celebrate the Lord's presence with others who have also caught the vision and are really sounding forth praises of God and declaring his will is a wonderful, exhilarating experience for all concerned. This is the outpouring of the Spirit foretold in Joel 2 which was fulfilled at Pentecost:

In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams. Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy.

The Acts version of the record from Pentecost adds the last four words to Joel's prophecy, "and they shall prophesy" to emphasise their importance. This means that every believer, baptised in the Spirit, is potentially able to prophesy. This is true of men and women, young and old, rich and poor.

Every believer, baptised in the Spirit, is potentially able to prophesy."

Old Testament Prophets

Today we often think of the prophetic gift as being relevant more to the Old Testament when the role of the prophets was greatly revered. They were individuals who were so in tune with God that they understood and knew what God wanted to say to his people. This has provided the basis of the teaching in the New Testament.

The task of the Prophets then (both those whose words have been recorded as well as those who we only know their names) was to bring the word of the Lord which was living in them to the nation. God used them to reveal his nature and purposes so that Israel would understand the God who had established a covenant relationship with them through their forefathers thus preparing them to be "a light unto the Gentiles"; a role which was eventually personified in Messiah Jesus.

New Testament Prophets

The prophetic role today is still to bring knowledge and understanding and to reveal the nature and purposes of God through the church to the world. Moses' words "I wish that all the Lord's people were prophets and that the Lord would put his Spirit on them!" is carried out most effectively when it creates a mature body of believers who can relate their faith to everyday life.

In this way they can present a united front to the world with a powerful spirit-filled anointing upon their works of service, which glorifies Jesus and causes multitudes to want to know him and find that their lives are transformed by God.

As we continue to seek an answer to the question 'What is a prophet?', Edmund Heddle looks at the truth stated in Revelation 19:10: "The testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy".

First, let us notice the close connection that existed between witness-bearing and prophecy in the early church. Jesus' final words to his disciples before his ascension promised:

You shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you and you shall be my witnesses (Acts 1:8).

Later on, when the Day of Pentecost arrived, Peter explained the extraordinary happenings as a fulfilment of prophecy. But in quoting Joel 2:28-29, Peter added four of his own words, not found in the original prophecy: 'And they shall prophesy'.

Prophecy and witness

Putting together the two stated results of the Spirit's coming -'you shall be witnesses' and 'shall prophesy', it becomes clear that what the disciples of Jesus were to engage in was 'prophetic witnessing'. This means they would be speaking under the inspiration of the Spirit, with the words he gave them to speak, and the central theme of their speaking would be Jesus. To them this would be a fulfilment of the promise Jesus made in the Upper Room, when he said "The Spirit of truth...will bear witness to me; and you also are witnesses" (John 15:25-27).

Primary witness

Jesus shows here that in the work of spreading the gospel throughout the world, the primary witness was the Holy Spirit and that although the secondary witness of the disciples was essential, without the Holy Spirit their witness would be totally ineffective. This essential relationship in witnessing underlies what Peter said to the Jewish Sanhedrin: "We are witnesses of these things and so is the Holy Spirit" (Acts 5:32).

In the work of the gospel, the primary witness is the Holy Spirit and the secondary witness is us. Both are essential"

Old Testament Prophets

The close link between prophecy and witnessing to Christ is also seen in what the New Testament says about the prophets of the Old Covenant. Peter preaching in the house of Cornelius declared "To him all the prophets bear witness" (Acts 10:43).

The writer to the Hebrews refers to the Holy Spirit bearing witness to Christ's perfect offering for our sins (Heb 10:14-18). Peter makes it clear that prophets were moved to prophesy things that were totally beyond their understanding. He said: They enquired what person or time was indicated by the Spirit of Christ within them when predicting the sufferings of Christ and the subsequent glory. (1 Pet 1:11)

Devoted to prophecy

It is in the Book of Revelation that we see the closest connection between prophecy and witness, or testimony to Jesus. Revelation is the only book in the New Testament devoted entirely to prophecy (Rev 1:3, 10:11 and 22:18). It is a prophetic message from the Lord Jesus through John, to be read at the worship services of the church in Asia Minor. John never refers to himself as a prophet, though he is not the only example of an apostle prophesying (Acts 27:21-26).

In the book of Revelation we see the closest connection between prophecy and witness"

C. M. Kempton Hewitt shows how important the Book of Revelation is to our understanding of New Testament prophecy. He writes:

The Book of the Revelation is necessary to complete the New Testament canon. Without it we would know very little about the form and function of prophecy in the primitive church.¹

Important statement

The most illuminating statement about prophecv in the Book of Revelation (and possibly in the whole New Testament) is the verse we have already referred to in chapter 19:10 – "The testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy." William Barclay in his commentary describes it as "an ambiguous phrase and a very import one."

John had been listening to a breath-taking account of the final salvation God will bring about and the blessedness of those who are invited the marriage supper of the Lamb. Finally, when the angel assures him the absolute certainty of these things, John understandably falls down to worship the angel. The angel immediately warned him against such action, saying, "You must not do that! I am but a servant like yourself and your brothers who hold fast the testimony Jesus. Worship God!" Then follows the statement, "For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy", though it is not clear whether it is part of the angel's message or whether it is John's inspired comment.

Difficult phrase

Commenting on this phrase, the Translator's New Testament (produced by the Bible Society to assist those making new translations in the vernacular) states:

This is a difficult phrase, partly because of the two possible interpretations of the first part of the sentence (the testimony of Jesus may mean 'the testimony which Jesus bore' or it may mean 'the Christian testimony to Jesus'); partly because it is not clear whether the reference is to OT or NT prophets and partly because of the form of words in 'is the spirit of prophecy'.

On the other hand, Henry Alford in the Greek New Testament² is quite decided about the right way to understand this phrase. He argues that Jesus in the genitive must be objective and therefore the phrase must be understood as 'the testimony borne to Jesus by these fellow-servants'. He adds, "There is no reason for destroying its force by making Jesus subjective and ',the Testimony of Jesus' to mean 'the witness which proceeds from Jesus'."

Rev 19:10 is a difficult, ambiguous phrase. But one thing is for certain: it affirms a clear link between prophecy and witness to Jesus."

William Barclay, however, noting that scholarship is divided on whether the phrase means 'the witness which the Christian bears to Christ' or 'the witness which Christ bears to men' wonders whether the double meaning is intentional and writes (in his Commentary on Revelation):

This is the kind of double meaning of which the Greek language is capable; and it may well be that John intended the double meaning and that we are not meant to choose between the meanings, but to accept both of them.

Prophets and witnesses

One thing is certain, however the verse may be understood: this phrase affirms an inseparable link between Christian prophecy and witness to Jesus.

David Hill³ draws attention to the parallel between this verse and a similar situation and verse in chapter 22:9 and concludes that the brethren who hold the testimony of Jesus are to be identified with the prophets. He declares:

What appears to be implied by the collocation of clauses in this verse is that all members of the church are, in principle or potentially, prophets, just as the whole church presents itself, in exemplary fashion, in the form of the two witnesses [emphasis added, see also Rev 11:3].

The Spirit glorifies Jesus

Enough has been said to establish the connection in Scripture between prophecy on the one hand and witness, or testimony, to Jesus on the other. But such a link is only to be expected. Jesus said "The Spirit of truth...He will glorify me, for he will take what is mine and declare it to you" (John 16:13-14). We should expect therefore that all prophecy that is truly inspired by the Holy Spirit will witness to Jesus; to who he is, to what he has said and done, to what he is doing now and to what he will yet do.

We should expect that all prophecy that is truly Holy Spirit-inspired will witness to who Jesus is, what he has said and done, is doing now and will yet do"

Angels and men share task

From the incident before us we see that it is prophecy that links men and angels as fellow-servants of God; as those who are engaged in one common task, bearing witness to Jesus. Martin Kiddle writes⁴:

The Christian who holds the testimony of Jesus does no less than an angel. The angel proclaims the eternal truth of Christ's gospel; he comes from the Presence with messages to men [Luke 1:30-35; 2:10-12]...But the prophet also performs this task; he also proclaims the mind of Christ.

It is prophecy that links men and angels as fellow-servants of God, engaged in one common task of bearing witness to Jesus"

The angel forbade John to worship him. But both angels and men join to worship the Lord Jesus. He is the one whom the disciples worshipped without rebuke (Matt 28:9, 17) and concerning whom Scripture says, "Let all the angels of God worship him" (Heb 1:6).

Witnesses and martyrs

The Book of the Revelation warns us that the prophets of the New Testament church, like their predecessors in the Old Testament, must expect persecution it they bear a faithful witness to Jesus Christ. Remember the writer himself was imprisoned on the isle of Patmos "on account of the Word of God and the testimony of Jesus" (Rev 1:9), and many other apostles were put to death. And so the witness (in Greek, 'martus') becomes the martyr.

Testing prophecy

It is precisely because prophecy affirms things about Jesus that both Paul and John are insistent that all prophecy must be tested. They warn us not to accept every inspired utterance at its face value. We do well to remember Jesus' warning that there would be false prophets as well as true ones (1 Cor 14:29, 1 Thess 5:19-22, 1 John 4: 1-3, Matt 7:15-20).

It is precisely because prophecy affirms things about Jesus that all prophecy must be tested."

Christ-like prophesying

The inspiring Spirit at the heart of all true prophecy is ever seeking to point men to Jesus and to the truth about Jesus. We can take it, however, that the phrase we have been studying refers not only to the content of the prophecy, but also to the manner in which the utterance is presented. If a prophecy is to bear effective testimony to Jesus it must at the same time bear witness to his loving and gracious attitude of service. Bernard of Clairvaux got it right when he said "Learn the lesson that if you are to do the work of a prophet, what you need is not a sceptre but a hoe." Prophets, like Jesus, are to be servants and must not use their gift to lord it over God's people (Luke 22:27).

Prophecy's dark side

George Mallone points out that "singing only one tune in prophecy fails to express the full nature of Christ as it is revealed in Scripture".⁵ There is a dark side to the prophet's ministry and a full-orbed presentation of judgement and grace must feature in any adequate testimony to the Lord Jesus.

Speaking in love

As we sum up our answer to the question 'What is a prophet?' we see that it is someone who is so filled with the Holy Spirit that this influences everything that he says and the way that he says it. John Gunstone said:

I have heard prophetic utterances that brought congregations to their knees in penitence and joy, and I have heard other utterances devoid of inspiration that spoke only of the anger and frustration of the one who gave them.⁶

Prophets must never forget the danger pointed out by Paul, when he said "If I have prophetic powers...but have not love, I am nothing" (1 Cor 13:2).

Prophets must never forget the danger pointed out by Paul, when he said "If I have prophetic powers...but have not love, I am nothing" (1 Cor 13:2).

So, whether we are thinking of the continuing prophetic witness all believers are responsible to maintain, or of the gift of prophecy manifest occasionally in the church, or of those who have been given a prophetic ministry in the church and in the world, all true Christian prophesying will be distinguished by the fact that it points to Jesus and promotes his honour. For this is what the Spirit of prophecy is constantly urging all true prophets to do.

First published in Prophecy Today, 1985, Vol 1, Issue 3.

References

1 Handbook of Biblical Prophecy, Baker, p112.

2 Vol 4, p726.

3 New Testament Prophecy, Marshalls, pp89-90.

4 Moffatt Commentary on Revelation

5 Those Controversial Gifts, Hodder & Stoughton, pp40-41.

6 A People for His Praise, Hodder & Stoughton, p105.