Paul Luckraft reviews 'The Epic of Eden' by Sandra Richter (IVP Academic, 2008)

Chris Foster reviews ‘The Genesis Genealogies’ by Rev. Abraham Park (2010, re-issued posthumously 2015, Periplus Editions).

The title of this little gem of a book might make one think, at first glance, that the contents will be dry, specialist and unapproachable, but it is actually quite the opposite. Be prepared to be surprised!

Taking seriously Deuteronomy 32:7’s instruction to “Remember the days of old, consider the years of all generations,” this eye-opening book from Korean pastor-theologian Abraham Park is a step-by-step, in-depth, chronological study of all the generations listed in Genesis 1-11.

This is the first book in a five-volume ‘Redemption Book’ series, which traces God’s outworking of redemption through the course of human history and which helped to earn Rev Park an honorary doctorate from America’s Knox Theological Seminary. ‘The Genesis Genealogies’ covers the years from Adam to the Exodus.

Illuminating genealogical passages that modern readers frequently skip through or consider tedious, Rev Park’s writing is partly academic but also partly devotional. He argues that the often-ignored details of the genealogies are actually “saturated with historical and redemptive significances”, revealing things about God’s longer-term salvation plan for the whole world.

Names and their Significance

Park painstakingly explores the names listed in the genealogies, looking at their meanings in relation to that period of history and to God’s overarching covenant plan. As a result, the book is full of nuggets of interesting and illuminating information.

Thus, we find that Peleg means “division, separate, split” (p160), because it was during his time that the Tower of Babel was built and the population of the world was divided by God, their languages confused. We also discover that Peleg’s father, Eber, has a name which comes from the same root as the word ‘Hebrew’ and that it means “the one who crossed over”. What did he cross over? He crossed over the great River Euphrates, away from where the Tower of Babel was being built. Not only that, but Park has researched Eber’s life and has discovered that he established and ruled a vast kingdom called Ebla, which seems to correspond with the land promised to Abraham in Genesis 15!

Park does not confine himself only to Abraham’s line, however, but also explores ‘ungodly’ lineages proceeding from such as Cain, Ham, Ishmael and Esau, using this to talk about our own sinfulness and the biblical separation between godly and ungodly. Readers are also invited to cross over, as Eber and Abraham did, purposefully separating ourselves from sinfulness and stepping forward to wherever the Lord takes us.

Illuminating genealogical passages that modern readers frequently skip through or consider tedious, Rev Park’s writing is partly academic but also partly devotional.

A Real Eye-Opener

The book is divided into five parts and inside the cover is a clearly-set-out table showing the chronology of the Patriarchs from Adam through to Joseph, marking their births and deaths in relation to one another and to key events (particularly the Flood). Just studying this table is a real eye-opener. For instance, it’s fascinating to realise that Adam’s grandson Enosh was still alive when Noah was born, and that when Noah died, Abraham was already 58 years old.

Of course, this leads to the question of whether the whole Bible can be believed as an accurate record of human history – an issue which divides Christians today. Park clearly states (p26) that while “Everything in this world changes constantly”, “the living Word of God is eternally unchanging” and true. Moreover, Park exhorts us to pass on to our children and grandchildren the treasures to be found in the scriptures and the amazing mystery of God’s plan of salvation throughout the generations, fulfilled in Yeshua the Messiah.

The biggest weakness of the book, in my opinion, is that as well as a table of the generations, it would have been very helpful to include a map (or maps) showing where the various tribes and people groups moved and settled, to aid understanding. However, I have still learnt a huge amount from this book about themes of which, previously, I had little or no understanding, and have received new insights into the workings of God through the thousands of years that humankind has been on earth.

‘The Genesis Genealogies: God’s Administration in the History of Redemption’ (254pp, paperback) is available from Amazon for £7.13. Also available in hardback and Kindle forms.

Other titles in the Redemption Book series: The Covenant of the Torch, The Unquenchable Lamp of the Covenant, God’s Profound and Mysterious Providence and The Promise of the Eternal Covenant. Find out more about Rev Park (1928-2014) and the series by clicking here.

RT Kendall’s inspiring meditation on Isaiah 53.

Persecution of the Jews – at least from those supposedly following Jesus – would perhaps have been largely avoided if the Church had fully understood the Messianic promises of the Tanach (Old Testament).

Biblical illiteracy among Christians (certainly in the West) is a major contributing factor to the Church’s present backslidden state, which is why I heartily recommend RT Kendall’s book Why Jesus Died, published in 2011 by Monarch.

Sadly, the demise of many Christian bookshops in Britain is the reason I have only just come across this profoundly inspiring meditation on Isaiah 53, with a foreword by Jews for Jesus Associate Executive Director Susan Perlman.

The much-loved preacher specifically addresses Jews at various points, but the whole work, in my opinion, is more of a challenge to a sleepy Church that has either forgotten or deliberately cut herself off from her Hebraic roots.

Jesus Came to Die

Lack of understanding of the fundamental truth that the Messiah had to die – it wasn’t principally the fault of the Jews, or the Romans – is what, in large measure, led to the pogroms perpetrated against God’s chosen people over the centuries.

It is true, of course, that Pontius Pilate, the Roman Governor, handed Jesus over to be crucified, and that the Jewish chief priests consented to it. But Jesus died for our sins – so in that sense we all put him on the cross.

This is a challenge to a sleepy Church that has either forgotten or deliberately cut herself off from her Hebraic roots.

However, ultimately, it was God’s doing – as the Kentucky-born preacher so eloquently argues. Isaiah wrote: “Yet it was the Lord’s will to crush him and cause him to suffer…” (Isa 53:10).

And in the case of verse 6 of the chapter, Kendall calls it “the Bible in a nutshell”, rather as John 3:16 is often described. The verse reads as follows: “We all, like sheep, have gone astray, each of us has turned to our own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all.”

The author writes: “Isaiah 53:6 basically shows two things: that we are all sinners but God has shown his love by transferring the guilt of our sins to Jesus who has paid our debt.”

That many Jews still can’t see that this ancient prophecy is so clearly fulfilled in Jesus is a point of great frustration to many Christians. But as RT points out, it may seem obvious, but we all still need the Holy Spirit to give us the revelation we need of Scripture.

Justifying Many

In summary, the passage under consideration speaks not of a charismatic personality who would be immediately recognised for his dashing looks and regal qualities, but of a Messiah who was despised and rejected, afflicted, wounded and even “cut off from the land of the living” – despite the fact that “he had done no violence, nor was any deceit in his mouth”. But he would be raised to life and justify many by his sacrifice.

In acknowledging the part played by Jews in Jesus’ death, the author asserts that God has not washed his hands of them. Kendall is ashamed of anti-Semitism in the Church, including that of Reformation founder Martin Luther himself, which he believes was fuelled by the verse: “All the people answered: ‘His blood is on us and on our children!’” (Matt 27:25).

We all still need the Holy Spirit to give us the revelation we need of Scripture.

Kendall’s view is that there is no clear evidence that they had authority to pass on a curse to successive generations of Jews.

Although blindness came on Israel and God opened the door to Gentiles (Rom 11:7-12), the door has always been open to all people who would accept the gospel…I also believe with all my heart that the blindness now on Israel is about to be lifted, and that it won’t be merely dozens but hundreds of thousands (perhaps millions) of Jews who will be converted before the Second Coming of Jesus.

This book is extremely edifying and enlightening, a ‘must read’ for all serious believers. Susan Perlman calls it “a treasure trove of gems and practical applications” written with “such skill and biblical insight”.

And evangelist J John says of the title (Why Jesus Died): “This is the most important question to ask, and here is the most insightful and inspirational answer I have ever read.”

RT Kendall, now 82, was minister at the famous Westminster Chapel in London for 25 years and now lives in Tennessee. ‘Why Jesus Died: A Meditation on Isaiah 53’ (192pp, paperback, e-book) is available widely online.

In the next part of our series on the message of the Old Testament prophets, Gary Clayton looks at the Prophet Jonah.

Jonah (the name means 'dove') son of Amittai, the prophet from Gath Hepher (2 Kings 14:25), was a native of Galilee. He lived, it is thought, around the time of Jeroboam II, during the seventh or mid-eighth century BC.

The Historical Background

Under Jeroboam II (793-753 BC) Israel and its capital, Samaria, flourished. The king "restored the boundaries of Israel from Lebo Hamath to the Sea of the Arabah" (2 Kings 14:25), recovering Israel's northern borders. Lucrative trade pacts were signed with the Phoenicians of Tyre and wealth flooded into the now prosperous kingdom.
The people, it was no doubt said, had never had it so good - though discrimination and injustice were rife. It was into this situation that the prophets Amos and Hosea were to speak.

Jonah, however, was given a different message. He was told to "go to the great city of Nineveh and preach against it" (Jon 1:2). Founded by Nimrod the hunter (Gen 10:8-12), Nineveh became one of the richest and most powerful cities in the world.

From the eighth century BC to its destruction in 612 BC, it was the capital of the Assyrian empire, and was situated on the left bank of the River Tigris, just 280 miles north of Babylon.

Nineveh was a rich and powerful city – the stronghold of a warlike people who massacred and mutilated those they defeated.

Mosul, Iraq, is modern-day Nineveh.Protected by a wall seven and a half miles long and 100 feet high, Nineveh was defended by 1,500 towers, each of them 200 feet high. It was the stronghold of a warlike people who massacred and mutilated those they defeated, believing themselves to be engaged in a cosmic battle on behalf of Ashur, their god.

Already, by the time of Jonah, the Assyrians represented a formidable threat to Israel's security. Indeed, in 721 BC Sargon II occupied Samaria, deporting 27,210 Israelites to Assyria for slave-labour.

Jonah: A Good Example?

Despite God's commission, Jonah fled to Joppa (modern day Jaffa) instead. Whether he did so in a fit of pique or from fear, we do not know.

In many ways, however, one could regard Jonah as an example that many believers might do well to follow. He not only believed in God, but was willing to testify to his existence (Jon 1:9), regardless of the consequences (Jon 1:11,12). He also took time to listen to his Maker and obviously heard his voice clearly (Jon 1:1; 3:1; 4:4; 4:9-11).

Another point in Jonah's favour was his willingness to address God in prayer and communicate his concerns (Jon 2:1-9; 4:2-3; 4:8-9), as it says in 1 Peter 5:7, "Cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you." Like Nathanael in John 1:47, Jonah was a man without guile, "in whom there is nothing false". He 'tells it like it is.' Whether in anger, discomfort, frustration or distress, he brought his hurts before the Lord, just as Elijah and Moses had done centuries earlier.

Jonah was brave too, in his way (Jon 1:12), as well as honest (Jon 1:10). Indeed, he would make an almost entirely admirable character if, having received his instructions from God, he had responded by setting off in the right direction.

God Will Always Triumph

As it is, oblivious to the truth of Psalm 139:8-10, "If I go up to the heavens, you are there; if I make my bed in the depths, you are there. If I rise on the wings of the dawn, if I settle on the far side of the sea, even there your hand will guide me, your right hand will hold me fast", he set sail for Tarshish (in what is now southern Spain) thinking that he could escape God. It was as far from Nineveh as one could possible get in the ancient world.

In many ways, Jonah was an example we would do well to follow.

God, however, had other ideas. Jonah may have been the right man for the right time, but he was certainly in the wrong place, thus prompting some Divine intervention in the form of adverse weather conditions.

Everyone (it would seem) was afraid - except Jonah (Jon 1:5-6) who, asleep and apparently oblivious to the sea raging around him, knew how best the storm might be stilled, albeit by somewhat dramatic means (Jon 1:15). At fault though he was, Jonah was willing to be thrown overboard, rather than allow those on the ship to perish (Jon 1:12).

Although Jonah refused to go to Nineveh, no doubt hoping that the Assyrians would die in their sins rather than repent and live (Jon 3:10), God had other ideas. Romans 8:28 tells us, "In all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose."

As with Joseph's brothers in Genesis 50:20, what Jonah intended for 'harm', God planned for good, with Jonah's attempt at escaping from God resulting in the salvation of those heading for Tarshish (Jon 1:15,16). The book teaches us that we can run from God, but we cannot hide. Ultimately he will have his way, whether we co-operate or not.

A Light to the Gentiles

Jonah, however, had yet to learn that not only could merchants and seafarers turn to the Lord, but so could the violent and rapacious Assyrians (Jon 3:5-9). So it was that, having had his life miraculously preserved by the fish, Jonah ended up vomited onto dry land (Jon 2:10), though nowhere near Nineveh (Assyria is not on the coast).

What Jonah intended for harm, God planned for good, resulting in the salvation of those on board Jonah's ship.

The miraculous events of Jonah's ministry foreshadowed the death, resurrection and preaching of the Lord Jesus centuries later (Matt 12:39-41; 16:4; Luke 11:29-32). However reluctant, Jonah represents one of Scripture's earliest recorded instances of the Jews acting as a light to the Gentiles, bringing salvation and blessing.

A Second Chance

Once on dry land, the word of the Lord again came to Jonah. Not surprisingly, he obeyed. The calling and gifting may have been there from the start, but the initial motivation was clearly lacking. A storm at sea and a three-day sojourn in the belly of the fish, however, must have concentrated his mind wonderfully! So Jonah set off to land-locked Assyria, preaching repentance to a city of over 120,000 souls.

It has often been said that 'there is no such thing as an atheist in a foxhole'. Whether in time of flood, famine, earthquake or calamity, when disaster threatens, people cry to the Lord. In Psalm 107 we read, "Then they cried out to the Lord in their trouble, and he delivered them from their distress," while "those who cling to worthless idols forfeit the grace that could be theirs" (Jon 2:8).

The Ninevites, however, took God at his word, accepting Jonah's message and acting upon it (Jon 3:7-9). The result: repentance and revival.

A Fishy Tale – or Historical Fact?

Although it is not so unusual for fishermen to tell tall tales about 'the one that got away', in the book of Jonah we learn of a prophet and evangelist - a fisher of men, if you will - who got away, having been swallowed by a fish.

There are those, however, who dispute whether, shaken and possibly stirred, he actually physically emerged from a large fish, maintaining that the account is an elaborate allegory or fairy tale. Accounts of similar occurrences do, however, exist:

1. Apparently swallowed by a harpooned sperm whale in the vicinity of the Falkland Islands in 1891, James Bartley was said to have been found in the whale's stomach, unconscious, some three days after the creature had been caught, killed and cut open. The man, it is alleged, was successfully revived, though his skin had been bleached white by the whale's gastric juices. The case was recorded in the Princeton Theological Review of 1941, though some have questioned the story's veracity, their criticisms of that particular account themselves conflicting.
2. In The Harmony of Science and Scripture, Dr Harry Rimmer (DD, ScD) tells of personally meeting a sailor who was swallowed by a gigantic Rhincodon whale shark and was subsequently revived, though suffering from shock. Exhibited in a London museum at a shilling admission, the sailor was billed as 'The Jonah of the Twentieth Century'.
3. It is a fairly common experience today for fishermen, on cutting open a whale, to discover that it has swallowed a shark or large fish the size of a man.

According to The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (Paternoster Press), "It is possible to identify the revival at Nineveh with the religious reforms brought about by Adadnirari III circa 800 BC," noting that if Jonah had arrived in Nineveh during the reign of Assur-dan III, "he would have found the city psychologically prepared for a total catastrophe, since a plague had swept the city in 765, an eclipse of the sun had occurred in 763, and a second plague had followed in 759 BC."

God's timing is, of course, perfect. Whatever the historical circumstances, God knew that, were Jonah to preach to the Ninevites, they would fast, repent and be spared. As 2 Peter 3:9 reminds us, "The Lord...is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance," for he is "a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in love, a God who relents from sending calamity" (Jon 4:2).

Jonah is one of Scripture's earliest examples of the Jews acting as a light to the Gentiles.

The Message of Jonah

In a perverse and sinful generation, however, there is a tendency for God's followers, like Jonah, to be more concerned with their own safety, comfort and reputation (Jon 1:3; 2:2; 4:1-3; 4:8-9) than with the salvation of those around them (Jon 4:10-11). Philippians 2:21 notes, "For everyone looks out for his own interests, not those of Jesus Christ."

The lesson Jonah needed to learn, having experienced God's loving care for him through the incident with the fish (Jon 1:17) and with the vine which sheltered him from the heat (Jon 4:6), was his need to forgive the Assyrians, as the Lord forgave him (Col 3:13). This is the message that lies at the heart of the gospel, the good news, for if we forgive people when they sin against us, our heavenly Father will also forgive us (Matt 6:14,15).

Moreover, in accepting God's forgiveness, we are to offer that forgiveness to others through the preaching of the word, in season and out of season, whether - like Jonah - we feel like it or not.

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 11 No 5, September 1995. Revised October 2016.