A new mini-series on the spiritual significance of music.

On 18 February, in the immediate aftermath of the Florida school shooting that took 17 lives, Hawaiian Calvary Chapel pastor JD Farag bravely drew people’s attention to the two common denominators in mass shootings committed by teenagers in the USA: drugs and satanic music.¹

The unbelieving world is quick to scoff when connections are made between video games and real-world violence – and it’s the same with music. Of course, direct causal connections are difficult to establish; no mass murderer could plausibly get away with pleading ‘The music made me do it!’ in a court of law.

But on the other hand, this doesn’t mean that the emotional, psychological and spiritual power of music should just be ignored. Music has an extraordinary capacity to affect people, which can be turned for good or for evil.

Musical by Design

While tastes obviously vary and not everyone is gifted with the genius of Mozart or Beethoven, we are all created with an innate capacity to enjoy music. Our brains and bodies are designed to appreciate it and respond to it – whether by humming, singing, dancing or playing an instrument.²

Science affirms that music has an extraordinary capacity to affect our minds, emotions and spirits, whether to uplift or soothe, to express grief or joy. Studies have shown that the right music at the right time can increase creativity and learning ability, reduce stress, lift one’s mood, help both emotional and physical healing and better one’s interpersonal skills.

“Music is the universal language of mankind.” ~ Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Medics, psychologists and therapists will tell you that music can literally work miracles – helping in therapy for the disabled, in treatment for mental illness, and in ‘waking up’ parts of the brain in dementia patients that were previously thought to be defunct.³

Scientifically speaking, our brains, hearts and bodies are designed to sync in with the music we hear and respond accordingly. That’s why up-beat music boosts our energy levels, while down-beat music soothes and relaxes. We tune into what we hear and it affects us – whether we notice it or not. This applies to the mind and the body – and also to the soul.

Gifted Music

We shouldn’t be surprised at this, for the Bible shows us that music is a divine and innately spiritual gift: a heavenly gift given to humankind by God as an expression of His creativity, with intention that it be used for His glory and our blessing.

The Songs of Joy, by James Jacques Joseph TissotMusic is recorded in Scripture as being a blessed part of family and community life, helping give expression to both merry-making and mourning (e.g. Isa 16:10; Luke 15:25; Matt 9:23). The symbolic and evocative power of music was designed for communal good, accompanying important ceremonies such as coronations, feasts and dedications (e.g. 1 Kings 1:40; Matt 26:30; Neh 12:27; Ezra 3).

Music has also proven a powerful weapon in warfare (e.g. 1 Cor 14:8; Neh 4:20), helping to win important biblical victories (e.g. Josh 6; Jud 7:16-22).

After victory, spontaneous songs were often poured out in celebration (e.g. Ex 15; Jud 5, 11:34; 1 Sam 18), which draws our attention to the most important purpose for music: to help express worship of God (e.g. 1 Chron 6:31-32, 25:6-7; Psalms; Eph 5:19; James 5:13; Col 3:16) and commemorate His faithfulness (e.g. Deut 32; Ps 90). The Lord is even recorded in Scripture as giving us songs to sing (Ps 40:3; Job 35:10).

“Music is an outburst of the soul.” ~ Frederick Delius

It is no wonder, given all this, that Christianity has for centuries been known as ‘the singing faith’. God clearly loves music – and has designed us to enjoy musical expression as part of our adoration and praise, and as a way of articulating and strengthening our hope.

Turned to Idolatry

However, just like all of God’s good gifts, music can also be turned for ungodly ends. Both Amos and Isaiah recorded the complacent, self-satisfied use of music by the rich and powerful in Israel (e.g. Amos 6:1-7; Isa 5:12). The Prophet Daniel wrote of how the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar used all manner of musical instruments to call the people to idolatry (Dan 3:5-7).

Through the ages, music has been used to torture as well as to entertain, to depress as well as to uplift, to ignite rebellion as well as to soothe. It has become the soundtrack to pagan ritual, being employed by mediums to enter trances, by shamans to enter the spirit realm, and by new age practitioners to facilitate meditation. It has almost always accompanied drunken revelry and sexual seduction, and has featured strongly in genocidal dictatorships (e.g. Hitler’s Third Reich, Stalin’s Russia, Communist China).

Sadly, this corruption of such a wonderful, Godly gift was only to be expected. satan himself has a close association with music (some assert that he used to be chief worship leader in Heaven, citing Ezekiel 28:12-15) and, as the prince of the power of the air (Eph 2:2), has temporary dominion over all the unbelieving world – including its musical activity. Desiring the worship of all, of course he will be looking to use the power of music in order to garner it.

Power, Spirituality, Community

The upshot of this is that music has, from one end of time to the other, been a key battleground for the heart and soul of mankind.

This is partly because the composing, performing and imbibing of music are all potentially powerful acts – not just physically and psychologically, but also spiritually. Music springs forth from and sinks deep into the soul, and so, knowingly or not, it is an expression of worship. At each stage those involved can choose to commit their activity to God, or to idols. 

It is also because music is, for the most part, a communal phenomenon. Whether musicians playing with and learning from one another, fans enjoying concerts, or dancers taking to the dance-floor, music is often a shared experience.

This gains power the more people are involved – think of the stirring anthems of the Last Night of the Proms, or the weighty hymns of football crowds, or of thousands at the Olympics joining in with the national anthem. At these times, music is a deeply moving – and often positive - expression of community togetherness.

Because music is a communal endeavour, it helps to define and express culture (this is even more the case today with mass media and the internet exporting ‘pop’ music to millions every second). And because music is deeply powerful and spiritual, popular music trends always reflect the spirit of the age.

“Who hears music, feels his solitude peopled at once.” ~ Robert Browning

In other words, shared trends in music say something about the spiritual health and direction of a society. They form the collective cry of souls – whether glorifying God, searching for meaning, indulging in degeneracy, or pursuing a satanic agenda.

Next week, we will see to how this applies to the field of Western popular music.

References

1 Click here to watch Pastor Farag's full sermon.

2 Music is one of the only activities that is processed using every single part of the brain, and the auditory nervous system is incredibly well-connected to the rest of the body. Playing an instrument requires muscle movements and nervous control that are unique to humankind - no other species is so equipped.

3 E.g. read more here.

Edmund Heddle looks at the biblical significance of the shofar and the silver trumpet as prophetic instruments.

Reference to the blowing of trumpets is made in both Old and New Testaments. In every case they are sounding the alert to wake up the people to what God has to say to them. As we study the occasions on which trumpets were blown we shall gain a clearer understanding of 'What is a prophet?' and of the responsibility he has to make his trumpet call unmistakably clear (1 Cor 14:8).

Two Types of Trumpet

With a single exception the trumpets of the Old Testament divide up into the shofar or ram's horn and the chatsotserah made of hammered silver. In the New Testament the word 'salpinx' does service for both.

Moses was told by God to make two trumpets of hammered silver. Only the priests were allowed to blow them, and they were the means of alerting the people to assemble, to dismiss, to set out on a journey, to go into battle and to mark new year and other festivals.

Both the Old and the New Testaments contain references to the blowing of the trumpets – in every case they are sounding the alert to wake the people up to what God is saying.

It would appear that, unlike the shofar which has no musical sound with different notes, the silver trumpets had two distinct notes. This is apparent from the instructions given to Moses that when both trumpets were sounded simultaneously the whole assembly of the Lord's people were to gather at the Tent of Meeting; but if a single trumpet was sounded only the leaders were to assemble before Yahweh. Unless one of the trumpets produced two different notes no-one could tell whether all the people or only the leaders were being called.

By contrast the shofar, mentioned 72 times in the Old Testament, is not a musical instrument as such. Made of the curved horn of a cow or a ram, it was used to make a loud sound. It is still used by Jews at their solemn festivals. By contrast the silver trumpets were long, straight and slim. We know their shape from the bas-relief on the Arch of Titus in Rome depicting the overthrow of Jerusalem.

When God Appears

When God descended to Mount Sinai there was a very loud trumpet blast, which grew louder and louder (Ex 19:16 and 19). When the trumpet sounded the people trembled with fear and stayed at a distance (Ex 20:18). The writer to the Hebrews comments on the people's fear (Heb 12:18-21).

Paul tells us that when God descends at the Last Day the trumpet call of God will sound (1 Thess 4:16) and at the last trumpet the dead will be raised (1 Cor 15:52). Jesus makes it clear that this final trumpet call will be blown by angels (Matt 24:31). All prophesying has as its objective the preparing of people for that 'dreadful day' (Rev 6:15-16).

Directing the People of God in the Wilderness

According to Numbers 10:1-10, the Israelites were alerted to their responsibility by the sounding of the silver trumpets. For example, the whole company of people, or perhaps just the leaders, were summoned to the Tent of Meeting; the clans of Israel set out on their journey to the Promised Land, or camped for a while in some place.

References to trumpets in Scripture usually concern either the shofar (ram's horn) or the silver trumpet, which are very different in appearance and sound.

At Historic Events

These events included:

• the bringing up of the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem (1 Chron 13:7-8);
• the establishment of the Ark in the Holy Place in the Temple (2 Chron 5:7);
• the dedication of the Temple (2 Chron 15:14);
• Jehoshaphat's victory (2 Chron 20:28);
• the proclamation of Joash as king after his escape from the massacre under Athaliah, the only queen ever to occupy the throne of Judah (2 Chron 23:11-13);
• subsequent to the purification of the Temple by King Hezekiah and while the Levites and all the people bowed in worship (2 Chron 29:25-29);
• after they had laid the foundation stone of the Temple (Ezra 3:10-11);
• and when they had dedicated the wall of Jerusalem (Neh 12:31-36).

We note that seven named priests were appointed to blow trumpets before the Ark of God (1 Chron 15:24). In all the religious celebrations accompanied by the blowing of trumpets the one song which was repeated over and over again down the years was, "He is good: his love endures forever" (1 Chron 16:41. 2 Chron 5:14; 7:3; 20:21 and Ezra 3:11).

On Regular Occasions

Trumpets were blown at the new moon (Num 10:10, Ps 81:3). The Hebrew word for 'moon' is the same as the word for 'month', and at the commencement of each period trumpets alerted God's people to the passing of time.

The feast of trumpets, held on the first day of the seventh month, was a New Year festival celebrated with the blowing of trumpets (Lev 23:23-25, Num 29:1-6). As in the West today where there is both a religious year commencing in Advent and a civil year commencing in January, so in Bible times there was a religious year beginning with the month Nisan or Abib, the 'green ear month' roughly equivalent to our April, and a civil year commencing with the seventh month Tishri or Ethanim (1 Kings 8:2) in the autumn.

The sound of the trumpet marked both regular occasions like each new month and year, and special occasions like festivals.

The one-day Feast of Trumpets announced the most important month in the year, in which occurred both the Day of Atonement (Num 29:7-11) and the Feast of Tabernacles (Num 29:12-39), and took its feast place at the new moon of the seventh month. It would appear that the new moon was the regular day on which to consult prophets (2 Kings 4:23). The use of these instruments at this feast is called a memorial blowing of trumpets, and may be understood in two ways. First, that God is alerting the people to prepare for the solemnities of that particular month and, second, that the people are reminding God of his covenant promises.

It is interesting that in neither of the scripture passages dealing with the Feast of Trumpets does the word 'trumpet' occur. The word used instead is 'teruah', which denotes either the shouting of people or the blast of a trumpet - perhaps both are included.

At the Feast of Trumpets the memorial blowing of trumpets is designed to alert the people to prepare, and to remind God of his covenant promises.

This first day of the month Tishri is called by the Jews Rosh Hashanah, the beginning of the year, or New Year's Day. The Year of Jubilee was announced by the sounding of trumpets everywhere on the tenth day of the seventh month (Lev 25:8-13), which is the Day of Atonement. The term 'jubilee' is derived from the word 'yobhel', which means ram's horn. After every six-year period of use the land was to have a 'sabbath of rest'; during the seventh year the land was to lay fallow for one year.

The culmination of these sabbatical periods was reached every fiftieth year, when the Year of Jubilee was heralded by blasts on the ram's horn throughout the land. With the arrival of this year slaves were released, debts were remitted, property reverted to its original owners and Israelites who had been jailed for debt were released. Isaiah 61:1-3 is steeped in jubilee phraseology, and this was the scripture passage Jesus chose to explain his mission and that of the church, his prophetic people (Luke 4:16-21).

Coronation of KingsShofar.

1 Kings 1:39 tells us, "Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the sacred tent and anointed Solomon. Then they sounded the trumpet and all the people shouted 'Long live King Solomon!'" In earlier times, during Absalom's conspiracy against King David, instructions had been given to Absalom's supporters that as soon as they heard the sound of the trumpets they were to proclaim, 'Absalom is king in Hebron'. This announcement was to lead to great sorrow when the day came for David to mourn the death of his son. "O my son Absalom, my son, my son, if only I had died instead of you!" (2 Sam 18:33). How different from the day when trumpets declared his accession!

While Elijah was hiding in the cave from the wrath of Queen Jezebel, God told him that Elisha was to anoint Jehu, the son of Nimshi, to be King over Israel (1 Kings 19:16). In obedience to this commission, Elisha sent one of the young prophets to find Jehu and to take him into an inner room, pour oil on his head and say, 'I anoint you King over Israel'. When Jehu returned to the council of his companions they endorsed his accession: "Then they blew the trumpet and shouted 'Jehu is King!'" Part of Jehu's commission was to avenge the blood of the prophets killed by Jezebel (2 Kings 9:1-13).

Warning of Invasion

The prophet Ezekiel used the concept of invasion to illustrate his prophesying (Eze 33:2-6):

If the people of the land choose one of their men and make him their watchman, and he sees the sword coming against the land and blows the trumpet to warn the people, then if anyone hears the trumpet but does not take warning and the sword comes and takes his life, his blood will be on his own head...but if the watchman sees the sword coming and does not blow the trumpet to warn the people and the sword...takes the life of one of them...I will hold the watchman accountable for his blood.

Isaiah castigates Israel's prophet-watchmen with the statement, "Israel's watchmen are blind" (56:10). Of what possible use is a blind watchman?

Trumpets were blown to mark the coronation of kings and to warn of impending war.

In Warfare

Trumpets were used in the following ways:

• to recruit an army (Judg 3:26-¬28);
• to lead troops out to battle (Num 10:9);
• to sound a battle-cry (2 Chron 13:12-15);
• to signal to the army during fighting (Num 31:6);
• to call people to defend their city (Neh 4:18-22);
• to effect a God-given strategy (Josh 6:5, Judg 7:17-18);
• to terminate the engagement (2 Sam 2:28) and to send the troops home (2 Sam 20:22b).

When Paul was emphasising the superiority of the gift of prophecy he likened it to blowing a trumpet, and made the point that "If the trumpet does not sound a clear call" the army will not know what they are being ordered to do (1 Cor 14:8).

Heralding the Judgments Preceding the Day of the Lord

In the book of the Revelation seven trumpets reveal the increasing severity of the judgments that will fall on the earth before the kingdom of this world becomes the kingdom of our God and of his Christ. The first four trumpets announce that one-third of the earth, sea, rivers and sun, moon and stars will be affected. Before the remaining three trumpets sound, three 'Woes' express the terrible nature of what has yet to be revealed.

At the fifth trumpet the angel of the abyss unlocks its door and choking smoke and locusts like scorpions are set loose, while the sixth trumpet sees one third of mankind killed. Yet for all this, the rest of mankind that had survived does not repent of their sins. How thrilling to hear the message of the seventh trumpet: "The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ and he will reign for ever and ever" (Rev 11:15).

Paul likened the gift of prophecy to blowing a trumpet, and pointed out that if trumpets are not blown clearly in warfare, the army will not know what it should do.

God's Trumpeters

Prophets are called to sound a clear trumpet call and are responsible for alerting God's people and to rousing them from lethargy, laziness and sleep, as we have seen from our study of trumpets in scripture. It is prophecy that brings God into his rightful place among his people, causing them to crown him King (1 Cor 14:24-25). It is prophets who are needed to lead God's people into victorious spiritual warfare.

Prophets and their warning trumpets are essential if the tide of evil invading Britain and other countries is to be withstood. The insight of Spirit-filled prophets is required to see in the disasters of today the beginnings of the final conflict between Christ Jesus and the adversary, satan, and to make it real to today's church.

Prophets are called to sound a clear trumpet call and alert God's people, rousing them from lethargy, laziness and sleep and causing them to crown God King.

Reaction to the Trumpet Call

When the trumpet sounded on Sinai, the first such sound in scripture, the people trembled (Ex 19:16), as Amos in a later day said they should (Amos 3:6). Trumpets are intended to alert the hearers (1 Kings 1:41). But if the trumpet gives an uncertain call they will not know what is required of them (1 Cor 14:8).

It matters not whether the instrument is a muddy ram's horn or a beautiful silver trumpet, neither will function without breath. So today, prophets can sound the alert only as they breathe in the Spirit that inspired the Lord's trumpeters.