The story of Micaiah.

In the fourth part of a series which examines the relevance of the message and ministry of the non-writing prophets for today, Campbell McAlpine looks at Micaiah.

The writer to the Hebrews begins his letter with the memorable words – “God who at various times and in different ways spoke in times past to the fathers by the prophets” (AV). How wonderful of God to leave a record of what he said for our learning and encouragement!

Micaiah’s ministry was during the reigns of Ahab, king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, king of Judah. The setting was the meeting of the two kings with much pomp and ceremony. Their characters were completely different. It is written of Ahab, “There was never a man like Ahab, who sold himself to do evil in the eyes of the Lord, urged on by Jezebel and his wife” (1 Kings 21:25). In contrast, it is said of Jehoshaphat that “he sought the God of his father, and followed his commands” (2 Chron 17:4). The two kings were linked through marriage, Jehoshaphat’s son having married Ahab’s daughter.

During this reunion, Ahab asked Jehoshaphat if he would join with him in war with the king of Syria to recover a city, Ramoth Gilead, which rightly belonged to Israel. He agreed, putting his army at Ahab’s disposal. Then he asked Ahab if they could enquire if there was any word from the Lord. It would have been better if he had asked that before he made his decision!

Jehoshaphat made an agreement with Ahab before seeking God’s approval.

Searching for True Prophecy

Ahab immediately sent for his prophets - four hundred of them. They all brought the same message: “Go…for the Lord will give it into the king’s hand”. To reinforce this message, one of them, Zedekiah, confirmed it with a sign. He had made horns of iron and declared: “This is what the Lord says: ‘With these you will gore the Arameans [Syrians] until they are destroyed.’”

This probably brought great applause, with many shouts of ‘praise the Lord’. However, Jehoshaphat had a lack of peace in his heart (which should never be ignored) and asked, “Is there not a prophet of the Lord here whom we can enquire of?" Ahab said there was another one, but he hated him for he never prophesied anything good about him!

It is generally believed that Micaiah was the unnamed prophet who met Ahab returning from a victory over Ben-Hadad, king of Damascus. After the battle, Ahab spared the life of the king of Syria in exchange for certain cities. The prophet said to Ahab, “This is what the Lord says: ‘You have set free a man I had determined should die. Therefore it is your life for his life, your people for his people.’” This was not good news! (1 Kings 20:42).

The king sent for Micaiah, and asked him if he should go to war against Ramoth Gilead, or refrain. Sarcastically Micaiah replied, “Attack and be victorious…” In other words, isn't that what you want to hear? The king turned on him, and said, “How many times must I make you swear to tell me nothing but the truth in the name of the Lord?”

Then Micaiah said: “I saw all Israel scattered on the hills like sheep without a shepherd, and the Lord said, ‘These people have no master. Let each one go home in peace.'” Ahab turned to Jehoshaphat and said, “Didn't I tell you that he never prophesies anything good about me”.

Jehoshaphat had a lack of peace in his heart, which should never be ignored.

“I Saw the Lord”

What made one prophet stand alone, against four hundred? What drained from him the fear of man, in preference for the fear of God? “I saw the Lord.” What were two earthly kings to Micaiah when he had seen the King? Who were four hundred prophets when he had seen the mighty hosts of Heaven standing on the right-hand and the left, around the throne of God?

He had not only seen the Lord; he had heard him discuss Ahab. The Lord had asked the question from his throne: “Who will entice Ahab into attacking Ramoth Gilead and going to his death there?” Suggestions were made, but the one accepted was from an evil spirit who offered to be a lying spirit in the mouths of Ahab’s four hundred prophets. He could not do that without Sovereign God’s permission, which was given: “You will succeed in enticing him. Go and do it.”

There was no applause for Micaiah when he gave this revelation, rather the reverse. Then, as now, if you don’t like the message, attack the messenger. Zedekiah, who had taken such trouble to make the horns of iron, rushed up to Micaiah, struck him on the face, and said, “Which way did the spirit from the Lord go when he went from me to speak to you?”

Micaiah told Zedekiah that he would find out which had been the true message, when he was running for his life, and trying desperately to find somewhere to hide.

Into the Valley of Death Rode the Four Hundred

Ahab’s response was not only rejection of the message, but also the messenger. He gave orders to put Micaiah in prison, and put him on bread and water rations until his return. “If you ever return safely, the Lord has not spoken through me” responded Micaiah. Then, turning to the people, he shouted “Mark my words, all you people!”

In spite of his bravado, Ahab decided to go into battle disguised, but asked Jehoshaphat to go dressed in his kingly robes. The Syrian king had given orders to his army to concentrate on killing Ahab. During the battle Jehoshaphat became the target, but he shouted out, and they realised that he was not the king of Israel, so left him alone. Ahab could disguise himself from men, but not from God. During the battle “someone drew his bow at random and hit the king of Israel between the sections of his armour. The king told his chariot driver, ‘Wheel round and get me out of the fighting. I’ve been wounded.’”

What made one prophet stand alone, against four hundred? What drained from him the fear of man, in preference for the fear of God? “I saw the Lord”.

The battle went on and increased. Ahab was propped up in his chariot mortally wounded, and that night he died. His army returned to their homes like ‘sheep without a shepherd’, all according to the word of the Lord.

The Relevance of this Message for Today

The inspired scriptures are useful for “teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness” (1 Tim 3:16). What can we learn from Micaiah’s witness? I would suggest: the importance of judging prophecies.

Today there seems to be a proliferation of prophecies. Unfortunately, many are not ‘judged’ or weighed, sometimes resulting in confusion, disillusionment, frustration and a questioning of the real. What happened to the prophesied revival which was going to take place in May of 1997? As we saw in this story, the oft repetition of the same prophecy doesn’t necessarily make it true. Remember the question Jesus asked Pilate: “Is that your own idea or did others talk to you about me?” (John 18:34).

Many optimistic statements are made which can bring applause from the congregation. I haven’t heard too many cheers when you quote Isaiah 26:9: “When your judgments come upon the earth, the people of the world learn righteousness.” We are not called upon to make people happy, but to help them to be holy, then the two go together.

I remember in the early days of what was called ’renewal', when a prophecy was given, the people were called to silence. The prophecy was considered by the leadership, who encouraged the application of the word - or to correct, if it was not a true word, but just something out of a person's own spirit. That was never for condemnation but for learning.

The oft repetition of the same prophecy does not make it true.

Revelation of and from the Lord

“I saw the Lord.” When Micaiah had revelation of the Lord, then he had revelation from the Lord. One of our greatest needs today is the knowledge of God which is supplied to us mainly through the Bible.

There is the danger of seeking quick guidance, instant revelation, rather than being like Jehoshaphat who ‘sought the Lord’. The danger is following the signs, rather than letting the signs follow. When Micaiah ’saw the Lord’ his desire was to obey God, rather than please men.

When Isaiah ’saw the Lord’ his desire was to be holy, and call others to holiness (Isa 6). When Ezekiel ’saw the Lord’ he was enabled to fulfil his ministry in the most difficult of circumstances (Ezek 1 and 2). When Paul saw the Lord, he was homesick, for Heaven “is far better”. When John ’saw the Lord’ he fell at his feet as though dead and was faithful in receiving and delivering the messages given to him — whether of judgment or of blessing.

Getting Things in the Right Order

As we saw in this story, Jehoshaphat agreed to ally himself with Ahab before enquiring of the Lord. How many times have we sought confirmation from the Lord on what we had already decided to do?

When Jehoshaphat returned to Jerusalem from the battle he was met by a prophet who brought him this question from God: “Should you help the wicked and love those who hate the Lord? Because of this, the wrath of the Lord is upon you” (2 Chron 19:2). Scary isn't it? Multi-faith, beware!

There is danger in following the signs, rather than letting the signs follow.

Conclusion

Let's thank God for all true prophecy, and all true prophets. Let's pray for people of courage, free from the fear of men. Let's pray for discernment, to know the false from the true. Let's pray for leadership to rightly judge prophecy. Let's pray for hunger and thirst to know God through his word, so that we might ‘see the Lord’.

The full story of Micaiah can be found in 1 Kings 22, and 2 Chronicles 18.

Originally published in Prophecy Today, Vol 14(1), 1998. Revised July 2017.

We continue to explore the ministries of the non-writing prophets.

In part three of a series which looks at the relevance of the message and ministry of the non-writing prophets, Jock Stein considers the lessons that can be learned from the life of Deborah.

Deborah is not the only prophetess mentioned in the Bible but, she is the only woman who combined political and religious leadership. As such, her prophetic style is an important model, even though the judges in the Old Testament were transitional leaders between the patriarchs and the kings.

Deborah first appears in Judges chapter 4, during a period of oppression for Israel. The Israelites had sinned against the Lord by intermarrying with the Canaanites (Jud 3:5-6). They had also become increasingly dependent on the Canaanites for their trade and, indeed, their survival. As a consequence, the Lord had allowed them to be ruled by Jabin, a Canaanite king, and his general, Sisera. The Canaanites controlled the roads in the Esdraelon valley and had exercised this control for twenty years, during the twelfth century BC. Sisera and his 900 chariots used military technology to oppress the Israelites, until, that is, the intervention of Deborah.

Wife, Prophetess, Judge

Judges chapter 5, which is a song of triumph, celebrating the way that Israel defeated Sisera and came into freedom, gives us some useful background information. The people had been prevented from travelling and trading freely (5:6). They had been reduced to poverty (5:8), in contrast to the situation later on when the roads were re-opened (5:10). Sisera was hated, especially by women; his mother is pictured dreaming about the Israelite girls he and his men would capture (5:30), while the general statement found in 2:18 uses a word for oppression which implies rape.

Deborah is identified in Judges 4:4 as a wife, a prophetess and a judge; and in 5:7 as a ’mother in Israel’. Here, the Bible cuts right across the neat rules of Protestant conservatism and Catholic tradition. God raised up a woman who was a leader and a wife. She is also a model of team leadership — recognising the military authority of Barak, the Israelite general, but at the same time bringing him a command from God.

Against Barak, who had accepted the status quo of Canaanite oppression, Deborah opts for Godly rebellion. Barak defers to her judgment on condition that she goes with him. This is a clear indication of Barak’s recognition of Deborah's social and spiritual authority.

God raised up a woman who was a leader and a wife.

Two aspects of the prophetic ministry are linked with this story. First, the faithful listening to God and hearing from him; second, the faithful sharing of what he says. In Judges 4:6, Deborah sends for Barak and tells him what God has told her concerning what Barak is to do, along with the encouraging word that God would deliver Sisera into his power (4:7).

There is another link here, between prophecy and interpretation, which in the New Testament is more often left to the whole church; God tells Deborah not only what is going to happen, but who is going to make it happen, i.e. Barak. It is vital for anyone with a prophetic gift, and for church leaders, to distinguish between prophecy and interpretation. Here, however, Deborah is given the interpretation – how to make it happen – as part of the message.

The Providence of God

Not only do we have a woman in a key leadership role, but the key player in the subsequent drama is also a woman.

After Barak has led his ten thousand troops without armour into battle against Sisera’s well-equipped army, we are told that the Lord threw the enemy into a panic. At this point Sisera flees and takes refuge with an ally of King Jabin – Heber the Kenite. However, Heber’s wife Jael has her own ideas: she pretends to befriend the exhausted Sisera, gives him hospitality, and then, while he is asleep, drives a tent-peg into his skull. When she subsequently presents Barak with the dead general, another of Deborah's prophecies is fulfilled; “the honour will not be yours, for the Lord will hand Sisera over to a woman.”

Judges 5:4 and 5:20-21 tell us that a storm and consequent flash-flooding of the Kishon wadi were responsible for the rout – thus proving that the Lord, and not Baal, was God of nature. The whole story demonstrates the providence of a God whose design includes the ‘random’ effects of weather and migration (4:11). Today, scientists use the term ‘chaos theory’ to help them understand how chance and order are not incompatible. In other words, you do not have to choose between a world of fate, where free-will is an illusion, and a world of chance without any meaning.

Two aspects of the prophetic ministry are linked with this story: the faithful listening to God and hearing from him, and the faithful sharing of what he says.

This is a return to the biblical view which is beautifully illustrated in story of Deborah. It is especially important for young people to discover this, as so often at secondary school the curriculum gives them the lie that science is about facts and the real world; while religion is just about ideas and imagination.

Responding to God’s Call

Chapter 5 is, in fact, one of the earliest hymns recorded in the Bible. It is a celebration of what God has done for and among his people, and therefore combines the evangelical with the charismatic. It joins the rock and the reality — a good model for Christian song writing of today!

In context it was, of course, the way that people learnt their history. The Old Testament is divided into three sections — the law, the prophets and the writings - and included in the six  books of the ‘earlier prophets’ is the book of Judges. The reason for this is important.

For the Hebrews, prophecy was concerned with what God was doing - what God did became history, so history was included under the overall heading of ‘prophecy’. Judges 5, then, was given as a ‘prophetic song' which celebrated a God who was alive and did real things in the world. It also challenged the people of God: Zebulun and Naphtali answered his call and risked their lives (5:18). The tribe of Reuben was split (5:15), while Dan and Asher simply kept out of the way (5:17).

This raises a question which each of us should face — when we are faced with a challenge or difficult situation through which God is speaking to us. How do we respond to God's call today?

For the Hebrews, prophecy was concerned with what God was doing - what God did became history, so history was included under the banner of ‘prophecy’.

Deborah had a palm tree named after her (4:5). This might not seem such a great mark of recognition. The modern equivalent, however, to the ‘place of judging’ would be the city hall or Court of Appeal. Clearly she was greatly honoured in the nation. Deborah has made her mark in the inspired record of Scripture, and is an encouragement to both women and men to seek the word of the Lord, and to expect that word to have power in the political as well as the personal world.

Deborah's example reminds us that all those who have committed their lives to God, whether male or female, can have a transforming influence upon the political and social life of their nation.

Originally published in Prophecy Today, Vol 13(6), 1996.

A call to radical discipleship.

In part two of a series examining the relevance of the message and ministry of the non-writing prophets for today, Wilfred Wong looks at the lessons which can be learned from the life of Elisha.

The ministry of Elisha was complementary to that of Elijah. Elijah's name means ‘God is Yahweh’ while the name Elisha means ‘God is Salvation’. Elisha was an evangelist whereas Elijah, like Moses, had to restore and vindicate the dignity of the law which was, at the time, neglected and despised. Elisha led back to God those who had been aroused from their complacency by the ministry of Elijah.

The role of both Elijah and Elisha are crucial for today's church to encompass, in presenting to the world the message of who God is (Elijah) and that God saves (Elisha).

They both prophesied to Israel at a time of widespread religious confusion and disobedience to God. This was fuelled by relativism and syncretism, a mix of false teaching and divine revelation, similar to the times that we now live in. At that time in Israel, remnants of God's teachings existed side by side with the idols Baal and Asherah of the Canaanite religion. The king of Israel and the people were confused as to who the true God was.

Similarly, today, this nation has been flooded with more religions and occultic belief systems than at any other time in its history. Under the guise of 'tolerance’ and 'progressiveness’, even church leaders have professed their own subjective and unsubstantiated opinions about God rather than what he has revealed in Scripture.

Today in the West, many people have adopted a consumerist attitude towards religion, including Christians. Some Christians like to pick and choose those aspects of God's character which they are happy to accept. God's love is emphasised and his anger ignored. Many convince themselves that surely God will not mind if they continue to be disobedient. God has been neatly packaged for our convenience and placed in our back pockets. These mistakes are nothing new; they were committed as long ago as the time of Elisha. For all our ’modernity’ and 'progressiveness’, we appear to have come full circle and are no more spiritually enlightened than the people of old.

Elijah and Elisha both prophesied to Israel at a time of widespread religious confusion and disobedience to God.

This spiritual depravity is also reflected in the senseless violence that is on the rise in British society, where even little children are brutally murdered for sexual gratification and about eight million unborn children have been killed since the introduction of the 1967 Abortion Act.¹ The latter is perhaps comparable to the human sacrifices conducted in the Canaanite religion.

God’s Righteous Anger

God's anger is clearly demonstrated after Elisha is mocked (2 Kings 2:23-25). This passage is often cited as a major moral problem in the Old Testament. However, the mocking of Elisha, as God's representative, was tantamount to mocking God himself and such blasphemy was punished according to the Deuteronomic doctrine of retributive justice (Deut 7:10, 18:19).

Furthermore, Elisha himself could not have brought about the punishment of the youths. There is no need for Christians to try and make excuses for God's anger in these verses, for though God is love, he is also a God of righteous anger and he has no need to justify his acts to those whom he has created. This anger is demonstrated at many points in Scripture, for instance in the punishment of Ananias and Sapphira for lying to God (Acts 5:1-11).

Although God is merciful and forgiving, he wants us both to love and fear him - the reason for the latter being that fear of God will help to keep us from sinning (Ex 20:18-20, Luke 12:45). Many people, including Christians, lack an awareness of sin and its consequences because much of the Church has shied away from teaching about God's righteous anger. Sin is an unpopular subject nowadays. Perhaps it may only be a matter of time before God's anger results in a terrible chastisement upon this nation and on the whole world, for its blatant disregard for his laws.

For Those Who Will Obey

Though Elisha is to proclaim that God saves, this salvation is only for those who humble themselves and are obedient to God. As is demonstrated above, those who dare to mock God are made to account for their actions (see also Gal 6:7). There are numerous miracles performed by Elisha, which demonstrate God’s saving power for those who are obedient to him: in 2 Kings 4:1-7, Elisha saves a widow in debt from having her two boys taken away as slaves. 2 Kings 4:38-41 describes God’s power to make safe that which is harmful, when Elisha makes a deadly stew edible.

Although God is merciful and forgiving, he wants us both to love and fear him – for the fear of God will help to keep us from sinning.

God also shows his care and provision for those who follow him. In 2 Kings 4:42-44 Elisha feeds a multitude of people with only a small number of loaves demonstrating, yet again, the Lord's care for the needs of his people. In the healing of Naaman, in 2 Kings 5:1-27, Elisha demonstrates God's mercy on those who are willing to humble themselves before him, seek God’s will and faithfully obey him (here we have a story of the conversion and healing of a non-Israelite leper).

We also see God’s severe punishment upon those who are unfaithful in their service to him. Naaman, in gratitude for his healing, offers Elisha a gift, which he refuses (vs 15, 16). However, Elisha’s servant, Gehazi, deceives Naaman into giving him the gifts and he and his descendants are struck down with leprosy.

Storing Up Treasures in Heaven

Gehazi was supposed to be serving God through his service to God’s chosen prophet, Elisha, yet he failed miserably when tempted by riches. This is a lesson for all of us who are engaged in Christian service. It is very common today to hear reports of Christians whose ministries are corrupted by sex, pride or money or any combination of these factors. All of us who serve God need regularly to examine our motives and attitudes and ask ourselves whether we are storing up treasures in heaven or on earth (Matt 6:19-21).

Will we follow the way of Elisha or Gehazi? Until the day we leave this world, we can never be too sure. This is a humbling thought and we need always to seek God’s help in remaining faithful. Although life may sometimes be very difficult, it is only temporary and God will reward believers according to how faithfully and obediently they have served him (Rom 14:12, Rev 22:12, 1 Cor 2:9).

It is quite awesome to realise that the nature of God's eternal reward awaiting us in Heaven will be determined by whatever we do during our temporary stay on earth. If all Christians truly internalised this truth, we would fling aside all those distractions which side-track us from effective Christian service, and focus single-mindedly on serving and pleasing God.

Uncompromising Discipleship

Such is the manner in which Elisha served God. He not only was obedient and faithful, but was willing to give up his livelihood, humble himself and be a servant to Elijah in order to be prepared for his prophetic ministry (1 Kings 19:19-21).

All of us who serve God need regularly to examine our motives and attitudes and ask ourselves whether we are storing up treasures in heaven or on earth.

By the standards which Jesus set, Elisha was a true disciple. When called to serve God, he left everything and did not look back (Luke 9:57-62) and he was not afraid to sacrifice and suffer and even to risk his life, as his ministry was likely to incur the wrath of the authorities (Luke 14:20-27).

True discipleship is always radical, yet we often water down the quality of our service to God, justifying this in the interests of our convenience and comfort. Elisha in his ministry was not only proclaiming God’s salvation but also encouraging the people to obey God. Some parallels can be seen with the Great Commission which Jesus gave to his disciples as recorded in Matthew 28:18-20. They were instructed not only to ‘make disciples’ but stress was also placed on ‘teaching them (i.e. the nations) to obey everything I have commanded you.’

What prophetic role is the Church in this country performing to teach the nation to obey God's commands? Unfortunately, some Christians seem more concerned with their image and not upsetting others than with uncompromisingly proclaiming God’s laws. The wavering stance within parts of the Church on the sinfulness of homosexual practices is just one example of this continuing process of compromise.

Sadly, many parts of the Church are failing to teach God’s commands by word or example. In the West, rather than influencing society, society is influencing the Church. Even sincere and devout Christians often fall into the trap of professing beliefs which are based more on the cultural influences of the day than on God's teachings as found in the Bible.

It is quite awesome to realise that the nature of God's eternal reward awaiting us in Heaven will be determined by what we do during our temporary stay on earth.

More Than We Can Imagine

We are all called to radical discipleship. It is not an easy road and we need God’s assistance and guidance along every step of the way. Like Elisha, we should have lives of deep prayer and seek God's will, in prayer, with an attitude of humility and obedience and through the study of God's word.

When we are humble and obedient instruments of God, he is able to achieve great things through us, perhaps more than we can imagine, as he did through his servant Elisha.

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 13(5), 1997. Part of a series - click here for back issues.

Notes

1 2015 statistics.

In the first of a series on the non-writing prophets, Chris Hill looks at Elijah.

Ahab was without doubt the most evil king to rule the northern kingdom of Israel. Nearly one third of I and 2 Kings is devoted to his reign and that of his two sons. A period of 34 years.

Prompted by the influence of his pagan wife, Jezebel, Ahab had led God's people into grotesque idolatry. The Canaanite gods of Baal and Asherah had been installed and were being worshipped as Israel's redeemer.

Yet, strangely, vestiges of the old faith were still around. Ahab had named two of his sons Ahaziah (which means ‘the Lord grasps hold of’) and Joram (‘the Lord is exalted’). The confusion in his own mind had had a knock-on effect in the nation. King and people alike were in a terrible state of indecision (not unlike our own leaders and people today), limping between several opinions as to who was the true God.

The Lord has always hated such syncretism — the ’blending’ of false religion and biblical revelation. He still hates it. Syncretism invites his wrath just the same now as it did then.

The Lord has always hated syncretism — the ’blending’ of false religion and biblical revelation. He still hates it.

To look at Israel in the ninth century BC, you could be forgiven for thinking that Jezebel’s annihilation of the Lord’s prophets and servants had been so thorough that there was no voice of protest left in the land. That would be a mistake. 1 Kings 18:4 indicates that one man alone, Obadiah, had sheltered a hundred of the Lord's prophets from these purges. The Lord himself later says that there were seven thousand people in Israel who had not bowed the knee to Baal (1 Kings 19:18).

These are extraordinary statistics. To see the state of the nation, you would never have dreamt these anonymous people existed. They must have been active at some level, in spite of the prevailing conditions, but their impact upon society was nil. No-one heard the word of the Lord because the Lord's people refused to speak it out.

It took a man of singular faith to change things. That man was Elijah from Tishbe on the eastern side of the Jordan river.

The Representative Prophet

EIijah was more than ‘an average prophet’. It is significant that when our Lord was being prepared for his passion (Luke 9:31), he was ministered to by Moses (representing the law) and Elijah (representing the prophets). It was not Isaiah or Jeremiah, Ezekiel or Joel, but Elijah. This would seem to be confirmed by the attitude of the angel towards John the Baptist, who came "in the spirit and power of Elijah" (Luke 1:17). A view later reflected in our Lord's own words (Matt 11:14).

Thousands of the Lord’s people remained in pagan Israel – but no-one heard the word of the Lord because they refused to speak it out.

It is important, at this point, to note that there is no biblical warrant for saying that the ministry of prophecy in the New Testament is any different from that in the Old Testament. Consequently, the ministry of Elijah, who we may regard as the 'representative prophet’, should act as an indicator of the nature of prophecy today.

In common with his fellow prophets, Elijah was a communicator of the mind, will and heart of God. He was, we might say, a ’law enforcement officer’ and a ‘guardian of the covenant’. He spoke forth the word of the Lord to his people, and his heart beat with the heart-beat of the Lord for his people.

We see this demonstrated in three ways.

1) Elijah was jealous for the Lord (1 Kings 19:10)

The Hebrew word may be translated as ‘zealous’ or ‘jealous’. Both were true of the genuine prophet. To be filled with zeal for the Lord is to be wholeheartedly for Him. Elijah was jealous for the Lord. Jealousy is a virtue and not a sin. Otherwise, the Lord could not reveal himself as "a jealous God" (Ex 20:5).

To be ‘envious’ is to want what belongs to someone else, but to be ‘jealous’ is to want something back that is truly mine, but which has been taken away from me. Elijah felt what God felt. His heart beat with God’s heart-beat. He put God’s interests above his own, even though it would threaten his very life.

The true prophet of the Lord is not interested in his own reputation or the popularity of his message because he values God above all else. He is the messenger of the Lord and in consequence communicates the heart of God as well as his word. When God's prophet brings a blistering tirade to God's people, he does so with tears - tears for the people and tears for God. God's prophet longs to see repentance and reconciliation where there is rebellion and estrangement.

Elijah felt what God felt. His heart beat with God’s heart-beat and he put God’s interests above his own.

2) There was a reason for Elijah's confident prophesying (1 Kings 17:1)

It takes a remarkable kind of faith to enable a man to stride into the audience chamber of a pagan king and state unequivocally that it will not rain for the next few years. We can but wonder at the profound certainty (or folly) of such a move. It seems to leave Ahab speechless. The question is: how did Elijah know that God was actually saying this? How did he know he had a prophetic word to give?

ln these ‘enlightened’ times we might suppose that Elijah had an 'inner witness’, a nervous twitch, or maybe a sudden sense of warmth and an increase in heart-beat. Perhaps he had an uncontrollable urge to rush into the king‘s presence and say the first thing that came into his mouth.

None of these is correct. There is only one reason why Elijah spoke those fateful words. It may be found in Deuteronomy 11:16-17, which states:

Be careful, or you will be enticed to turn away and worship other gods and bow down to them [an apt description of Israel under Ahab and Jezebel]. Then the Lord's anger will burn against you, and he will shut the heavens so that it will not rain and the ground will yield no produce, and you will soon perish from the good land the Lord is giving you.
(emphasis added)

Elijah’s confident announcement was made on the basis that he was thoroughly familiar with his Bible (or rather those parts God's word which had been committed to writing in his day). He knew that the secret of prophecy is simply this: if the conditions fit the situation, God is saying now what God has always said in his word.

Elijah knew the secret of prophecy: that if the conditions fit the situation, God is saying now what God has always said in his word.

True prophets have a deep understanding of Scripture. They understand that to test what they believe God is wanting them to say, they must be entirely convinced that this is in complete accord with his word. They understand that without a profound grasp of the scriptures they must not dare to speak out as it they have a word from him.

The prophet recognises with holy awe that if any part of his (or her) utterance is not in accordance with the Bible then to that extent he is prophesying falsely. Such a challenging matter should not deter but rather drive him to read the word.

3) Elijah prayed earnestly (James 5:17)

It is inconceivable that a true prophet could be anything less than a 'prayer warrior’. The question is how did Elijah pray?

James 5:17 says that in consequence of his praying it did not run for “three and a half years”. The reference in 1 Kings 18:1, however, appears to indicate only three years of drought. There is a six-month difference. What are we to make of this?

It looks as if there was already a six-month drought before Elijah prayed that it would not rain. In other words, Elijah prayed that the situation in the land would get worse.

This is odd. Most of the modern ’prophets’ prophesy nice things, and this is what we are used to. Any ‘prophet’ prophesying and praying that things in the nation (or church) might get worse would be considered in most Christian circles as unloving, insensitive, and not communicating God's word, let alone his heart!

The truth is that Elijah prayed the way he did because he loved the people and wanted to see them brought back to the Lord. It broke his heart to see the estrangement between God and Israel. He prayed that the drought would continue in order to bring the people back to their faithful God.

Most modern ’prophets’ prophesy nice things - any who prophesy that things might get worse would be considered in most Christian circles as unloving or insensitive.

What does the Lord think about us? What does he feel about us? What does he want of us and how does he want us to be? These are the matters which Elijah dealt in, the essence of the prophetic ministry.

The well-known prophecy of Joel 2:28-32, quoted in Acts 2:17-18, indicates that the last days will see a release of the prophetic ministry. As surely as John the Baptist spoke the word of the Lord at his first coming, so we shall see the release of the 'spirit and power of Elijah’ as his return approaches. Many believe we are well into those days. Jesus is coming soon. The mantle of Elijah will cost us what it cost him — complete faithfulness to God because we love him and complete faithfulness to his people because we love them. Courage to tell it like it is — in love, integrity and vibrant faith — come what may.

First published in Prophecy Today, 1997, Volume 13(4).

Monica Hill turns from the ‘natural’ gifts (Romans 12) to the ‘ministry’ gifts listed in Ephesians 4. This article is part of a series – click here for previous instalments. 

“So Christ himself gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip his people for works of service, so that the body of Christ may be built up until we all reach unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God and become mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ.” (Eph 4:11-13)

We have already noted that there are four lists of the Spiritual Gifts given by the Holy Spirit in different epistles – Romans 12, 1 Corinthians 12, 1 Peter 4 (which concentrates on methods) and Ephesians 4. Each of them have additional teaching in the surrounding verses on how they should operate within the corporate body of believers – often relevant to that specific understanding of the gifts.

The Five-Fold Ministry

The five ‘ministry gifts’ listed in Ephesians 4 are surrounded by teaching on the place of these quite specific roles within the body. Two things stand out of which we need to take note:

1. First, ideally these gifts are meant to operate together, as a team – the five-fold ministry is an entity in itself, and all its gifts should be visible in the leadership of our churches and fellowships today. If Christian communities do not recognise these gifts in specific individuals, at least the principles and values of each should be adopted. Team ministry is not easy and needs to be embraced and worked upon. If this does not happen, one or other of these roles will inevitably take precedence. For example:
   1. For many centuries in the Western Church, pastors and teachers have been predominant, to the neglect of the other roles.
   2. Evangelists have often set up separate, para-Church organisations, and are often felt only to be needed for overseas work - which means that work among nominal Christians has been neglected.
   3. Apostles and prophets are still very rare, with many believing that apostolic ministry died out at the end of the New Testament era. Although they are now receiving more attention these ministries are often misunderstood and can create problems.
   4. Individual prophets in the style of the Old Testament were also relegated to history as it was anticipated that, with the coming of the Holy Spirit, the whole Church would become the Prophet to the nations. An understanding even of the role of the prophet, within fellowships and wider afield, is often missing.
2. Secondly, these roles are given to serve the Body and to help those to whom they are called, to enable all to grow to maturity and be found worthy of being called followers of Christ. They are not given to give status to individuals.

There is no mention of these gifts operating in this way in a worldly sense (unlike the ‘natural’ gifts of Romans 12). Apart from the role of a teacher they do not have secular counterparts, although the world has at times tried to pick up the same values and take them into secular occupations – but more of that when we look at each of them in detail. Leadership in the world is based on very different principles.

In this introduction we will be looking at the context of the introduction of Ministry gifts in the Body of believers and seeing how these gifts should operate.

The ministry gifts are designed to operate together to serve and build up the Body of Christ.

Lessons from Ephesus

The whole of Ephesians is concerned with building up the body of believers in Ephesus, from which we can learn so much. The epistle starts with an emphasis upon Christ as the Head of the whole Christian community - the Church, or (more accurately) the Body of Believers (Eph 1:22-23) (not the institutions), which is built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets (Eph 2:20-24) and is without any divisions, comprising one Body and one Spirit (Eph 4:4). Members are encouraged to “live a life worthy of the calling” (Eph 4:1), given various instructions on how to act (Eph 5-6) and finally encouraged to “put on the whole armour of God” (Eph 6:10-18).

It is worth noting that Paul has just given that beautiful prayer to God for his brothers and sisters in Ephesus (Eph 3:14-21) which is still such an encouragement to all who read it today. His next words express not only his own total commitment to the Father but his desire that all should “live a life worthy of the calling you have received”. The way to do this is to “be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love. Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace”.

The Priesthood of All Believers

Here is no definition of a hierarchy, an ‘us and them’ or a ‘pecking order’ as so often seen in our churches, but a recognition that we need each other (which is described more fully in 1 Corinthians 12). The sole purpose of these ministry roles is to serve the body of believers so that they can all become mature and be the front line of mission.

The New Testament Church operated as a ‘priesthood of all believers’ – they had a different vision from that practised in Judaism when the Temple was in operation and priests were in control and acted as mediators with God. But even after the birth of the Church and the early days of taking the mission worldwide, it was not very long before the established denominations re-introduced a priestly leadership into churches.

In the priesthood of all believers, there is no hierarchy or pecking order – just a recognition that we all need each other.

Many new movements have since tried to re-capture this concept of the priesthood of all believers, but far too often institutionalisation pushes them back into the need for strong leadership aligned with worldly principles.

The ministry gifts are essentially serving roles - encouraging and empowering others – so that everyone is encouraged to have that direct relationship with the Father themselves and can discern the truth – so that they are “no longer infants, tossed back and forth by the waves, and blown here and there by every wind of teaching and by the cunning and craftiness of men in their deceitful scheming.”

Ingredients for Full Community Life

The ministries described in Ephesians can be seen as leading roles in the community, but they should also encompass vision, strategy and unity - all essential for any community’s survival. It is not a necessary requirement that the leader has to be the one who has the original vision, but he or she must embrace it and make it their own – just as everyone else in the body must; and likewise with the strategy and action that follows – these two aspects must both be embraced to help form a community and give it its raison d’etre. But often the ministry role also provides the glue that makes people stick together in unity.

Truth and love are essential ingredients to any community of believers – so that “we will grow to become in every respect the mature body of him who is the head, that is, Christ. From him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work” (Eph 4:15-16).

Unity is expressed in “There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to one hope when you were called; one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all” (Eph 4:4-6).

In the next few weeks we will be looking at each of the specific ministry gifts given to the Body of believers – Apostle, Prophet, Evangelist, Pastor and Teacher - and exploring further the reasons for which they are given and the way they should operate and relate to each other.

John Job looks at the relevance of Zechariah's message for today.

Despite being one of the longest books among the minor prophets, Zechariah is seldom read by Christians. Many view the post-exile period in which he prophesied as being of less importance than the exile itself and the days leading up to it, when Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel exercised their ministries. Moreover, Zechariah's overall message is not easy to follow.

Yet Zechariah is widely quoted in the New Testament, particularly at crucial moments in Jesus' ministry. Are these quotations to be seen as isolated verses which happened to fit in with the Gospel story (if so, the rest is of less importance)? Or does the whole message of Zechariah prepare the way for Christ?

The book can be divided into two parts. In the first part, Zechariah is mentioned as the recipient of eight visions. He then answers a question about fasting (Zech 7:1-8:19). With no specific mention of his name afterwards, some believe that the rest (as with Malachi) was originally an anonymous prophecy. Whatever its origins, this last part shares key themes with the first.

Key Message: Hope for the Repentant

The basic message is one of hope. Israel's past, characterised by continual disobedience to the former prophets, lay behind them. The important words, "they repented" (found in Zech 1:6), did not refer to the people's forefathers, who had suffered as a result of their unrepentance and were no longer to be found (Zech 1:5). It was those who listened to Zechariah who had repented and opened up the prospect of a more hopeful outcome.

The way in which the prophecy begins suggests that, in its present form, it may have been intended to be used devotionally or liturgically. Worshippers meditating on it could see their past as bearing marks of sin. However, while this was pointed out in the text, its message carried an assurance of God's restoration, on the condition of penitence.

Zechariah's basic message is one of hope – the past lies behind, and repentance opens up the prospect of a hopeful future.

Eight 'Russian Doll' Visions

The eight visions, which run from Zechariah 1:7-6:15, offer hope to a repentant people. They form a Russian doll-type structure in that each of the latter visions bears similarities to an earlier one. The first vision corresponds to the eighth; visions two and three correspond to numbers six and seven. This leaves visions four and five as a centre-piece.

The first of these two central visions concerns the reinstatement of the high priest, Joshua (Zech 3:1-10). The second covers the provision of divine resources for both Joshua and the prince, Zerubbabel, who was a direct descendant of David (Zech 4:1-14). In the time of Zechariah, the people's hopes of leadership were placed in Zerubbabel, but he mysteriously disappeared from the face of history. Subsequent generations were therefore left to see these words as unfulfilled prophecies concerning a coming king.

Zechariah is widely quoted in the New Testament, particularly at crucial moments in Jesus' ministry. It is interesting to note that the New Testament presents Jesus as both our great High Priest and the expected Messiah.

The Coming Cleansing

With respect to the vision concerning the high priest, Joshua, Zechariah 3:9 is of particular importance, yet has two possible meanings.

It could mean "Upon one stone are seven facets, and on it I will engrave its inscription". This interpretation would refer back to Exodus 39:6, where an inscribed gold plate was given to Aaron to wear whilst carrying out his duties as high priest. Alternatively, it could mean "Upon one stone are seven fountains and I will open its opening".

The following verse (Zech 3:10) goes on to speak of the removal of the land's iniquity. When compared with the statement in Zechariah 13:1, which says, "On that day a fountain will be opened to the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to cleanse them from sin and impurity", it would appear that these verses are inspiring hope in a reality which, at that time, was yet to come. This reality was fulfilled by the shedding of Christ's blood, for which the Old Testament priesthood was a preliminary symbol (this symbolism is explained more fully in the book of Hebrews).

Zechariah's words about a coming king were not fulfilled in Zerubbabel – but left unfulfilled, awaiting the Messiah.

The Levelling of Opposition

In the vision concerning Zerubbabel, we find that he was encountering opposition to the rebuilding of the Temple (Zech 4:7). This opposition had arisen from Jews concerned that the project was either too ambitious, or likely to annoy the Persian authorities. Jesus, whose objectives also correspond to rebuilding the 'temple' (see John 2:19-20; 1 Cor 3:10-17) likewise experienced opposition from within the Jewish fold; as did his Apostles.

The same can still apply today, if the true interests of the Church are opposed by those within it. They often are. But Zechariah's message here also still holds: this kind of mountain can become a plain.

Spiritual and Moral Victory

An important theme emerging from a careful study of the other six visions is that while the first three deal with the defeat of the offending nations in Jerusalem's literal restoration, the last three focus on the primacy of God's law, the banishing of idolatry and a spiritual conquest of Babylon.

This has great relevance to modern Jewish aspirations, which are still often confined to the material trappings of nationhood. Christians can find here the same emphasis in embryo as is found in the Beatitudes, where Jesus reinterprets hopes of victory and possession of the land in terms of a realm in which the key feature is a right relationship with God.

In the passage about fasting (Zech 7:1-8, 19) it is important to note the emphasis on the moral aspects of the Law and the observance of justice (Zech 8:19), as opposed to the ceremonial. The end of the book's first section highlights this too. Whereas the introduction spoke of the Deuteronomic curse which had fallen on the people, here we find God's blessing - not just for Israel but for the Gentiles too. They will be attracted to the New Jerusalem when they see the beauty of its law-abiding character. This challenge needs to be heeded today! It is tragic when outsiders see in the Church the same lack of scruples, marital unfaithfulness, sexual licence and financial corruption as they are aware of in the world outside.

God's blessing is not just for Israel but for Gentiles too – who will be attracted to the New Jerusalem when they see the beauty of its law-abiding character.

Part II: Victory, But Not the World's Way

The second part of Zechariah is harder to interpret than the first. The key is to notice the way in which passages with a militaristic atmosphere are reinterpreted by the juxtaposition of verses breathing a spirit of peace. This makes it clear that the whole message should be interpreted in a non-militaristic way.

For example, Zechariah 9:1-8 has sometimes been seen as a description of Alexander the Great's conquest of Tyre. But this is immediately followed by the best known passage in Zechariah, "Behold your king is coming to you, humble and sitting on an ass". Not exactly one's impression of Alexander the Great! Similarly, in Isaiah, verses describing conquests of the Persian king are interspersed with the portrait of a very different victorious figure who, like Cyrus, is God's servant.

In this second section of the book there are two parallel parts. It appears that the objective of chapters 12-14 is to change the picture originally presented in chapters 9-11. In any case, this twofold final section - like the first - looks forward to a final divine victory. The difference is that the last part makes the point that this would be achieved after more tribulation than had previously been thought.

The scenario behind this is now lost, but a message which reassures us when life turns out more problematic than we had anticipated, is never out of place. Zechariah finds echoes not only in the book of Revelation, but also in Jesus' words: "In the world you will have tribulation; but fear not; I have overcome the world" (John 16:13).

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 13 No 3, 1997. Revised November 2016.

In the next part of our series on the message of the Old Testament prophets, Gary Clayton looks at the Prophet Jonah.

Jonah (the name means 'dove') son of Amittai, the prophet from Gath Hepher (2 Kings 14:25), was a native of Galilee. He lived, it is thought, around the time of Jeroboam II, during the seventh or mid-eighth century BC.

The Historical Background

Under Jeroboam II (793-753 BC) Israel and its capital, Samaria, flourished. The king "restored the boundaries of Israel from Lebo Hamath to the Sea of the Arabah" (2 Kings 14:25), recovering Israel's northern borders. Lucrative trade pacts were signed with the Phoenicians of Tyre and wealth flooded into the now prosperous kingdom.
The people, it was no doubt said, had never had it so good - though discrimination and injustice were rife. It was into this situation that the prophets Amos and Hosea were to speak.

Jonah, however, was given a different message. He was told to "go to the great city of Nineveh and preach against it" (Jon 1:2). Founded by Nimrod the hunter (Gen 10:8-12), Nineveh became one of the richest and most powerful cities in the world.

From the eighth century BC to its destruction in 612 BC, it was the capital of the Assyrian empire, and was situated on the left bank of the River Tigris, just 280 miles north of Babylon.

Nineveh was a rich and powerful city – the stronghold of a warlike people who massacred and mutilated those they defeated.

Mosul, Iraq, is modern-day Nineveh.Protected by a wall seven and a half miles long and 100 feet high, Nineveh was defended by 1,500 towers, each of them 200 feet high. It was the stronghold of a warlike people who massacred and mutilated those they defeated, believing themselves to be engaged in a cosmic battle on behalf of Ashur, their god.

Already, by the time of Jonah, the Assyrians represented a formidable threat to Israel's security. Indeed, in 721 BC Sargon II occupied Samaria, deporting 27,210 Israelites to Assyria for slave-labour.

Jonah: A Good Example?

Despite God's commission, Jonah fled to Joppa (modern day Jaffa) instead. Whether he did so in a fit of pique or from fear, we do not know.

In many ways, however, one could regard Jonah as an example that many believers might do well to follow. He not only believed in God, but was willing to testify to his existence (Jon 1:9), regardless of the consequences (Jon 1:11,12). He also took time to listen to his Maker and obviously heard his voice clearly (Jon 1:1; 3:1; 4:4; 4:9-11).

Another point in Jonah's favour was his willingness to address God in prayer and communicate his concerns (Jon 2:1-9; 4:2-3; 4:8-9), as it says in 1 Peter 5:7, "Cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you." Like Nathanael in John 1:47, Jonah was a man without guile, "in whom there is nothing false". He 'tells it like it is.' Whether in anger, discomfort, frustration or distress, he brought his hurts before the Lord, just as Elijah and Moses had done centuries earlier.

Jonah was brave too, in his way (Jon 1:12), as well as honest (Jon 1:10). Indeed, he would make an almost entirely admirable character if, having received his instructions from God, he had responded by setting off in the right direction.

God Will Always Triumph

As it is, oblivious to the truth of Psalm 139:8-10, "If I go up to the heavens, you are there; if I make my bed in the depths, you are there. If I rise on the wings of the dawn, if I settle on the far side of the sea, even there your hand will guide me, your right hand will hold me fast", he set sail for Tarshish (in what is now southern Spain) thinking that he could escape God. It was as far from Nineveh as one could possible get in the ancient world.

In many ways, Jonah was an example we would do well to follow.

God, however, had other ideas. Jonah may have been the right man for the right time, but he was certainly in the wrong place, thus prompting some Divine intervention in the form of adverse weather conditions.

Everyone (it would seem) was afraid - except Jonah (Jon 1:5-6) who, asleep and apparently oblivious to the sea raging around him, knew how best the storm might be stilled, albeit by somewhat dramatic means (Jon 1:15). At fault though he was, Jonah was willing to be thrown overboard, rather than allow those on the ship to perish (Jon 1:12).

Although Jonah refused to go to Nineveh, no doubt hoping that the Assyrians would die in their sins rather than repent and live (Jon 3:10), God had other ideas. Romans 8:28 tells us, "In all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose."

As with Joseph's brothers in Genesis 50:20, what Jonah intended for 'harm', God planned for good, with Jonah's attempt at escaping from God resulting in the salvation of those heading for Tarshish (Jon 1:15,16). The book teaches us that we can run from God, but we cannot hide. Ultimately he will have his way, whether we co-operate or not.

A Light to the Gentiles

Jonah, however, had yet to learn that not only could merchants and seafarers turn to the Lord, but so could the violent and rapacious Assyrians (Jon 3:5-9). So it was that, having had his life miraculously preserved by the fish, Jonah ended up vomited onto dry land (Jon 2:10), though nowhere near Nineveh (Assyria is not on the coast).

What Jonah intended for harm, God planned for good, resulting in the salvation of those on board Jonah's ship.

The miraculous events of Jonah's ministry foreshadowed the death, resurrection and preaching of the Lord Jesus centuries later (Matt 12:39-41; 16:4; Luke 11:29-32). However reluctant, Jonah represents one of Scripture's earliest recorded instances of the Jews acting as a light to the Gentiles, bringing salvation and blessing.

A Second Chance

Once on dry land, the word of the Lord again came to Jonah. Not surprisingly, he obeyed. The calling and gifting may have been there from the start, but the initial motivation was clearly lacking. A storm at sea and a three-day sojourn in the belly of the fish, however, must have concentrated his mind wonderfully! So Jonah set off to land-locked Assyria, preaching repentance to a city of over 120,000 souls.

It has often been said that 'there is no such thing as an atheist in a foxhole'. Whether in time of flood, famine, earthquake or calamity, when disaster threatens, people cry to the Lord. In Psalm 107 we read, "Then they cried out to the Lord in their trouble, and he delivered them from their distress," while "those who cling to worthless idols forfeit the grace that could be theirs" (Jon 2:8).

The Ninevites, however, took God at his word, accepting Jonah's message and acting upon it (Jon 3:7-9). The result: repentance and revival.

A Fishy Tale – or Historical Fact?

Although it is not so unusual for fishermen to tell tall tales about 'the one that got away', in the book of Jonah we learn of a prophet and evangelist - a fisher of men, if you will - who got away, having been swallowed by a fish.

There are those, however, who dispute whether, shaken and possibly stirred, he actually physically emerged from a large fish, maintaining that the account is an elaborate allegory or fairy tale. Accounts of similar occurrences do, however, exist:

1. Apparently swallowed by a harpooned sperm whale in the vicinity of the Falkland Islands in 1891, James Bartley was said to have been found in the whale's stomach, unconscious, some three days after the creature had been caught, killed and cut open. The man, it is alleged, was successfully revived, though his skin had been bleached white by the whale's gastric juices. The case was recorded in the Princeton Theological Review of 1941, though some have questioned the story's veracity, their criticisms of that particular account themselves conflicting.
2. In The Harmony of Science and Scripture, Dr Harry Rimmer (DD, ScD) tells of personally meeting a sailor who was swallowed by a gigantic Rhincodon whale shark and was subsequently revived, though suffering from shock. Exhibited in a London museum at a shilling admission, the sailor was billed as 'The Jonah of the Twentieth Century'.
3. It is a fairly common experience today for fishermen, on cutting open a whale, to discover that it has swallowed a shark or large fish the size of a man.

According to The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (Paternoster Press), "It is possible to identify the revival at Nineveh with the religious reforms brought about by Adadnirari III circa 800 BC," noting that if Jonah had arrived in Nineveh during the reign of Assur-dan III, "he would have found the city psychologically prepared for a total catastrophe, since a plague had swept the city in 765, an eclipse of the sun had occurred in 763, and a second plague had followed in 759 BC."

God's timing is, of course, perfect. Whatever the historical circumstances, God knew that, were Jonah to preach to the Ninevites, they would fast, repent and be spared. As 2 Peter 3:9 reminds us, "The Lord...is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance," for he is "a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in love, a God who relents from sending calamity" (Jon 4:2).

Jonah is one of Scripture's earliest examples of the Jews acting as a light to the Gentiles.

The Message of Jonah

In a perverse and sinful generation, however, there is a tendency for God's followers, like Jonah, to be more concerned with their own safety, comfort and reputation (Jon 1:3; 2:2; 4:1-3; 4:8-9) than with the salvation of those around them (Jon 4:10-11). Philippians 2:21 notes, "For everyone looks out for his own interests, not those of Jesus Christ."

The lesson Jonah needed to learn, having experienced God's loving care for him through the incident with the fish (Jon 1:17) and with the vine which sheltered him from the heat (Jon 4:6), was his need to forgive the Assyrians, as the Lord forgave him (Col 3:13). This is the message that lies at the heart of the gospel, the good news, for if we forgive people when they sin against us, our heavenly Father will also forgive us (Matt 6:14,15).

Moreover, in accepting God's forgiveness, we are to offer that forgiveness to others through the preaching of the word, in season and out of season, whether - like Jonah - we feel like it or not.

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 11 No 5, September 1995. Revised October 2016.

John Job explains the great modern relevance of Jeremiah's message and notes strong links with the life and teaching of Jesus.

Jeremiah's message was inextricably linked with the history of Israel in his day. He first addressed the North, with a plea for unity with the Southern Kingdom. Then, when his word to his own people was rejected with the burning of the first scroll (Jer 36), he moved to the theme of inevitable judgment and finally to a message of hope beyond the end.

Throughout his long ministry, optimistic prophets kept building up false hopes in the people by parroting "Peace, peace" when the situation was hopeless. Jerusalem's demise was long and drawn-out; but by refusing to heed Jeremiah's call for repentance and turning away from idolatry and corruption, the fate of the city and its people was sealed.

Conflicting Interpretations of Scripture

Jeremiah's conflict hinged on the interpretation of Deuteronomy: the 'Book of the Law' found during the repair of the Temple early in Jeremiah's lifetime (2 Chron 34:14). This book was the address by Moses to the Israelites on the threshold of the Promised Land.

Jeremiah's optimistic contemporaries saw the book as promising that the crossing of the Jordan and occupation of the Promised Land was a drama to be re-enacted as they regained independence from the Babylonians on their God-given soil.

Jeremiah, by contrast, saw it as a warning of three interlocking aspects of sin in response to which God was sending the Babylonians to bring judgment. Chapter 11:1-17 is particularly instructive as a parody of the nationalistic hopes built on Deuteronomy.

Jeremiah's contemporaries saw the Torah as promising liberation from Babylonian rule – Jeremiah knew that it was a warning of judgment.

Deuteronomy summarises human duty as to love God (Deut 6:5). Though Jesus included "and your neighbour as yourself" taken from Leviticus 19:18 (Matt 22:39), there is plenty of evidence in Deuteronomy that this is a major implication of loving God. Jeremiah's indictment, then, can be seen under three headings: failure to love God was idolatry; failure to love others was immorality; failure to change was rebellion.

Idolatry and Immorality

Idolatry is criticised as ingratitude (Jer 2:13) and as folly (Jer 2:27). Idolatry led to alliance with pagan powers, which amounted to reliance on their gods (Jer 14:10). Drought was seen as the penalty for misconceiving Baal as the source of fertility. Beyond all else, idolatry amounted to slighting the true God.

Spiritual adultery, as often in the prophets, was depicted as sexual immorality (Jer 2:20). But there is also a reference to failures in the area of justice, especially for the poor (Jer 5:26-28; 21:12; 22:13). The prophet inveighed too against commercial malpractice, and in the same passage, slander, which he himself suffered (Jer 9:3-4).

Rebellion

These first two areas of Jeremiah's teaching echo Amos and Hosea. But his emphasis on rebellion is his most distinctive perception of his people's predicament. A long sequence of pictures make this point:

1. The uncircumcised ear cannot hear (Jer 6:10);
2. No soap can wash away guilt (Jer 2:22);
3. Refining is futile when no precious metal underlies the dross (Jer 6:27-30);
4. The people are like a she-camel on heat, enslaved to instinct (Jer 2:24);
5. They are like a common harlot who legally (Deut 24:1-4) cannot, and practically will not, return to her husband (Jer 3:1-3);
6. They compare unfavourably with the swift and wryneck, mere birds well aware of the time for returning (a verb which in Hebrew also means 'repent') (Jer 8:7).

The sweep of the book makes the point more forcibly still: events and reality constantly vindicated Jeremiah; but he was ignored for 25 years. Why, though, was it so wrong to resist the Babylonians? Why was the situation so different from when the Assyrian Sennacherib threatened Jerusalem a century earlier? The answer must be that, however unwisely, the Judeans had made a covenant with Babylon.

Most distinctive about Jeremiah's teaching is his emphasis on rebellion.

Here, then, lay the great irony - Deuteronomy was itself couched in the form of a 'covenant document', and those who made their covenant with God needed to be the first to keep covenants with others. Deuteronomic condemnation of the stubborn and rebellious son (Deut 21:18ff) is referred to in Jeremiah 2:14-19, and the incorrigible son breaks the most fundamental covenant of all.

With Jehoiakim's burning of the scroll, Jeremiah's stance changed. This is reflected in the reversal of some of Israel's basic and most cherished spiritual convictions.

The Reversal of the Exodus

Jeremiah may have thought of himself as the prophetic successor to Moses, mentioned in Deuteronomy 18:15 (Jer 1:4-10; 15:16). But he was told not to pray for the nation (Jer 7:16; 11:14; 14:11). It was not for him to stand in the breach (cf Ps 106:23) as Moses had done over the Golden Calf: he actually prays for judgment (Jer 18:21f). In the end he goes back as a prisoner to Egypt, from which Moses had led the people from slavery into freedom.

The Reversal of Holy War

The original invasion of Canaan was a 'holy war', in which the Israelites were God's agents to punish the Amorites (Josh 5:1). Often in the story of Judges, God instils panic into Israel's enemies: now the opposite happens; God fights against Israel (Jer 4:9; 6:24) and they are driven out of the land.

The Reversal of Creation

The account of Creation in the Old Testament embodies two themes. The first is the notion of order rather than chaos (Gen 1:1-2). The second is the provision of a garden for human beings to live in (Gen 2:4ff). The first theme is linked with the turning of a motley collection of slaves into an organised community; and the second with their settlement in the garden-land of Canaan.

Jeremiah implied (Jer 4:23-28) that all this was to be undone. The salvation oracle was turned on its head (Jer 12:5). The Abrahamic promise was reversed (Jer 15:8).
Those who make their covenant with God need to be the first to keep covenants with others.

Close study of Jeremiah's ministry reveals strong resemblances to that of Jesus:

(i) Conflict with the 'Establishment'

In both cases this is centred on the interpretation of Deuteronomy - in Jesus's day this was the text-book for hopes of national autonomy (defeat of the Romans) and renewed national greatness. It is no accident that Jesus's three answers in the desert to satan, who represents these Jewish aspirations, come not simply from Scripture ("It is written"), but all from Deuteronomy (Luke 4).

(ii) 'Another Moses'

The Messiah was expected to be another Moses. Indeed, this was how New Testament writers saw Jesus. But like Jeremiah, Jesus also prophesied national disaster. The cross exposed the spirit of nationalism which was doomed to be broken on the wheel of Roman power. In just the same way, Jerusalem's nationalism was broken by Babylon in Jeremiah's time.

It could be said that both Jesus and Jeremiah were Moses' successor. But this has to be re-appraised in the light of the great contrasts between the way in which God carries out his purposes of salvation in Jesus and what had happened in Old Testament times.

(iii) Undeserved Suffering

Jeremiah could describe himself as a lamb led to the slaughter and together with the well-known passage in Isaiah 53, this paved the way for the widespread use of the lamb metaphor in the New Testament, notably on the lips of John the Baptist (John 1:29), and no fewer than 31 times in Revelation.

Striking too is the same misunderstanding and rejection within the family of Jeremiah and Jesus (Jer 12:6, cf Mark 3:32).

(iv) The Destruction of the Word

The desecrating act of Jehoiakim was for Jeremiah what the cross was for Jesus: the final act of the rejection of the covenant relationship with God. In Jeremiah's case it was confined to the Jews, but through the crucifixion of Jesus, guilt was extended to all mankind.

(v) The Emergence of Hope Out of Disaster

Jeremiah did not pray for his people (Jer 7:16) and Jesus did not pray for the world (John 17:9). The demise of the Jewish state in Jeremiah's time points to the doom of non-Christian society in its alienation from God. The only hope for the world is for those who become 'unworldly' by refusing to live according to worldly values.

Jeremiah spells out his hopes of a 'new covenant' (Jer 31:31) and the New Testament sees in Christ's death and resurrection a fulfilment of this promise (most explicitly in Hebrews 8 and 9). Just as the Babylonian sledgehammer's demise is part of Jeremiah's optimism, Revelation, depicting Rome (in the guise of the scarlet woman of Babylon), spells out in her doom the end of worldly corruption.

The desecrating act of Jehoiakim was for Jeremiah what the cross was for Jesus: the final act of the rejection of the covenant relationship with God.

Our Society the Same?

Our society is not unlike that which confronted Jeremiah. The point is made by Jesus in the parable of the 'Rich Fool' (Luke 12:13), who epitomised both self-help and idolatry. For him, death played the same role as the destruction of Jerusalem played for the Jews.

Jesus had a long struggle with a people determined to go their own way, and Jeremiah's teaching is parallel to the message of Jesus, which says 'You cannot save yourself! You cannot engineer a solution to sin, or to your present problems, or save yourself from death'.

It is common to see some code of ethics comparable with Deuteronomy as a 'ladder' or 'lever' for making oneself acceptable to God. No doubt Paul took lessons from Jeremiah as well as from Jesus in seeing that God's law is neither ladder nor lever, reaching the conclusion that through the law we become conscious of sin (Rom 7:7). Yet Jeremiah's teaching on the new covenant enables us to anticipate God's judgment, and begin a new life; to echo Paul and say, "I have been crucified with Christ, nevertheless I live, yet not I: Christ lives in me" (Gal 2:20).

Flouting of God's Word

Jeremiah's catalogue of sins is closely matched by our society. In his book about the Bible (The English Bible and Seventeenth-Century Revolution, Penguin, 1993), Christopher Hill shows that behind the theological divergences in Cromwell's day, the notion that Protestant England could be modelled on Old Testament Israel and see itself as a Christian nation in covenant relation with God was generally accepted. We need to be careful not to exaggerate the extent to which English history follows that of Judah, but some comparisons can safely be made.

Our society is not unlike that which confronted Jeremiah.

In recent years we have seen erosion of respect for the Ten Commandments as a summary of divine law - notably in the increase and supposed trivialisation of adultery and homosexual practices, the advocacy of euthanasia and abuse of abortion.

We have also seen sentimentality about disciplining children and decay of truthfulness in public life. The message of Jeremiah challenges us to look at the sins of our own nation. Are we not in danger of the same judgment that Jerusalem suffered in his day? Has not the church also sadly missed its way and followed the ways of the world?

It may not be easy to tell when God's word has been nationally rejected as finally as with Jehoiakim's burning of the scroll, but Godly standards are being flouted. There is a need for a prophetic call to repentance and warning of the inevitability of disaster if this call is rejected.

Hope Beyond the End

Even in the worst scenario, Jeremiah's message, seen through New Testament eyes, holds out today the same hope beyond the end. To those who have kept Christian faith in a watertight compartment away from politics, Jeremiah is a model for courageous interaction in the life of the nation.

In a sense his ministry was entirely fruitless. But he has been vindicated, not only because the preservation of his words in Scripture testifies to the fact that he was right and his opponents were wrong, but also because the resurrection of Jesus points to a world where the truths he stood for are, and always will be, upheld.

To that realm Christians already belong, and to that extent are impervious to the worst that this world can do to them.

First published in Prophecy Today Vol 12 No 2, March 1996. Revised September 2016.

In the next part of our series on the relevance of the message of the Prophets for today, Jock Stein gives us another perspective on Ezekiel.

Ezekiel married at the age of 23, in the year 600 BC. Several years later, after Jerusalem fell In 597 BC to King Nebuchadnezzar, he was taken to Babylon as a captive. By the age of 30 he should have been taking up the task for which he was trained, to serve in the house of the Lord as a priest. Instead, God called him to be a prophet. The call had three aspects: "I saw visions of God"; "the word of the Lord came to [him]"; and "the hand of the Lord was upon him" (Ezek 1:1-3).

The book of Ezekiel is an outworking of these three marks of the prophet, and of his threefold response: to see and share the vision; to understand and pass on the word; and, through his behaviour, to become a prophetic sign to Israel. The book of Ezekiel Is made up of two major sections, two minor sections, and a final section:

• Section 1 contains visions of God and of events In Jerusalem, and messages of judgment on Jerusalem -ending with the death of Ezekiel's wife (chapter 24).
• Section 2 contains messages against the surrounding nations (25-32).
• Section 3 contains messages about the fall of Jerusalem (33-34), another word against Edom (35), and two chapters of hope for Israel (36-37).
• Section 4 contains the prophecy against Gog (38-39).
• Section 5 contains a vision of the new temple and of the blessing flowing out to the entire land (40-48).

The prophet clearly had a message for his own day. God said to the exiles through Ezekiel what the prophet Jeremiah was saying to the people back in Jerusalem. The two men had the same dual focus – God, and how he saw the situation; and Jerusalem, and the disobedience of its leaders.

Ezekiel was trained to serve as a priest, but instead God called him to be a prophet.

For most people since then, Ezekiel has been known for just three things:

1. His Vision of God (Ezek 4-28)

This is described in language similar to, but not identical with, that of the book of Revelation. "The big wheel moves by faith, and the little wheel moves by the grace of God", goes a Negro spiritual. What is more important is that it is a dynamic vision – God is on the move!

First, in himself. It is vital to a biblical view that we recognise God's unfolding revelation of himself and that Scripture slowly but steadily prepares us for the doctrine of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit being part of the 'one God'. This is not a theological trick, it is a basic truth about God which tells us that life – human and eternal – requires relationship and community.

Secondly, God is on the move in relation to his people. The blessing of his presence leaves Jerusalem and goes east (Ezek 11:23), to occupy the Mount of Olives, the hill of judgment (Zech 14:4). From there, several hundred years later, Jesus entered Jerusalem as King, to be rejected. From there the Lord returned to the glory of heaven.

The prophet's task is to see and share the vision; to understand and pass on the word; and to live symbolically, as a prophetic sign.

Later in the book of Ezekiel, it is from the east that glory returns to the new temple in Jerusalem (Ezek 43:1-4). Perhaps God has been in exile with his people! That is certainly the message of Scripture as a whole, that nothing can separate us from the love of God - that holy love which judges sin today, as it judged the sin of Jerusalem – and which blesses today, as it blessed the land as a life-giving stream from the presence of God (Ezek 47).

2. His Vision of Bones (Ezek 37:1-14)

This represents the burden of the prophet, and the burden of praying people today. "Can these bones live?" asks the Lord. Ezekiel's response, whether through humility or lack of faith, is, "Lord, you alone know".

Instead of an answer, the Lord tells him to speak the word of life. The dry bones will live, and "then you will know that I am the Lord". That phrase comes 50 times in the book; it is a passion that God and his glory should be, in Lesslie Newbigin's words, 'public truth'. Exile is not the last word. And note this: the fulfilment of prophecy – the return of Israel then, and again today – is a public event. We need the Old Testament to remind us that God intends real change in humanity's political, economic and social life, not just a 'spiritual blessing'. Blessing is a physical as well as a spiritual reality.

One does not take a great risk when prophesying, 'God is going to really bless you next week'! That kind of prophecy is almost as banal (though certainly not as dangerous) as newspaper astrology, and comes very close to 'peddling the word of God' (2 Cor 2:17).

Real prophecy is risky, and may not be fulfilled in the way you expect. Ezekiel in chapters 26-28 prophesied the dramatic fall of Tyre, although chapter 29:17-18 indicates that Tyre was still standing 16 years later – Nebuchadnezzar's 13-year siege actually ending in a diplomatic compromise!

Indeed, not until two centuries later was it conquered, by Alexander the Great. God, however, says that his word will not return empty (Isa 55:11), it will accomplish all that he intends. He can, however, alter his intentions so that his original warning of destruction is not fulfilled – the prophecy having served its purpose in warning people and leading them to repentance (e.g. Jonah 3; Jer 18:5-10).

Real prophecy is risky, and may not be fulfilled when or in the way you expect.

3. His Vision of Himself

There has been a long debate among Christians over the issue of human nature, e.g. how far should we address people as creatures who retain something of the image of God (children of the one Father), and how far should we address them as sinners who are totally lost (rebels who need the Redeemer)? Liberal and conservative spiritualities, whether Catholic or Protestant, have tended to go their separate ways on this particular theological battleground.

The book of Ezekiel, however, provides us with a third approach – Pentecostal spirituality, which is uncomfortable and strange, and therefore more likely to have something to teach us! Ezekiel is a man on whom the hand of the Lord falls, a man filled with the Spirit, and one who sees what is really happening.

Further, he is called through his visions to be a full participant in the message, by acting out the message he has received from God. He becomes a pavement artist to illustrate the siege of Jerusalem (Ezek 4:1-3); he lies on first one side and then the other to portray the punishments of Israel and Judah (Ezek 4:4-8); he eats starvation rations in public (Ezek 4:9-17); he shaves his head and beard as a sign of fire, sword and exile (Ezek 5:1-17) and becomes a refugee (Ezek 12:1-7). People watch, and he explains the meaning of his actions to them.

In Ezekiel's day the market-place was the focus of public meeting. Today it is perhaps the media, especially television. Let us pray for two things: for prophets who will be faithful in 'becoming' the message, and for occasions when the media will make the message public, without distortion. Perhaps this will happen only during a crisis, as was the case at the time when Jeremiah and Ezekiel were raised up to prophesy.

Let us pray for prophets who will faithfully 'become' the message today, and for media opportunities for this to be made public without distortion.

Other Important Aspects of Ezekiel's Message

In addition to the above, there are other aspects of Ezekiel and his message which we need to heed today. Here are just two:

1. The significance of Gog. This is not yet another attempt to identify Gog! Instead, look how the Gog theme is taken up in Revelation (Magog is probably the land of Gog). One commentator describes Gog and his minions as "the enemy who strikes when all seems safe".

In Revelation 20, Gog appears after the millennium of peace, when Satan is let loose for a while to bring out of the darkness every last trace of evil, so that Satan and his empire can be finally destroyed. In the light of this New Testament interpretation, and with the hints of symbolic language in Ezekiel 39 ('seven years, seven months'), we may be wiser to see Ezekiel describing 'the last battle' than a particular Middle East war.

In any case, the main purpose of what is sometimes called 'apocalyptic' in Scripture is not to send us to our television sets looking with unspiritual curiosity for violence in far-off lands, but to bring us to our knees in repentance, and to pray the prayers of the saints – that God will have mercy and hold back his judgment; or that God will work out his righteous will and hasten the day of judgment (i.e. Jer 14:11-12).

2. The clean and the unclean. Ezekiel was a priest as well as a prophet (perhaps this is a reminder that gifts can overlap, and that worship leaders may also be called to prophesy). As a priest he had a keen sense of the holy. That has been lost today for two principal reasons:

1. First, because standards of thought and behaviour among Christians are often low, and reflect the world's view that 'nothing is holy'.
2. Second, because there has been a fashion among theologians to discard any distinction between the sacred and the secular on the grounds that Christ has come to do away with sacrifices, and that, as a result, 'everything is holy'.

The Bible is, however, extremely balanced in its approach to this issue. WS Gilbert (1836-1911), author of comic operas such as HMS Pinafore and The Pirates of Penzance, once wrote the lyric, "If everyone is somebody, then no-one's anybody". It is true that the Christian faith is relevant to our daily lives, not just Sunday. It is also true that God sets some things and some people apart as special – one day in seven; a tithe on income; a priesthood of believers; salt in an unsalted world – in order that the whole might be blessed.

The Christian faith is relevant to all aspects of daily life – but God also sets some things apart as special.

God gave this message very clearly to Ezekiel; to distinguish between the sacred and the profane, the clean and the unclean (Ezek 44:23). The principle applies today, as in every age, to the conduct of worship; to the character of the believer; and to the life of the church.

We should therefore not be indiscriminate in the way in which we exercise our spiritual gifts or conduct ourselves as believers, but should remember Ezekiel's example and be prepared to act as wholeheartedly as this sixth century BC prophet, who embodied the message he was given by God, and whose life was entirely consistent with the message he preached.

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 11 No 3, June 1995. Revised September 2016.

In Part 5 of our series on the message of the Prophets, Richard Griffiths looks at the prophet Nahum.

The Bible, someone once said, is a tale of two cities - Babylon and Jerusalem. Even before either was founded, and again after Babylon fell, there was confrontation between the people of God (represented by Jerusalem) and the enemies of God (Babylon).

Assyria and its capital city Nineveh were the historical predecessors of the Babylonian empire, but the 'Babylon principle' was as evident in Nineveh as it ever was in Babylon and its successors, the empires of Greece and Rome and their structures to the present day.

Nahum's prophecy is "an oracle concerning Nineveh" written probably during the mid-7th Century BC, but it contains principles relevant to every place and age.

Ninevah's Pride and Arrogance

Ninevah was not only a pagan city, but one unsurpassed for its pride, arrogance and determination to rule the world. Already, during the course of its relentless advance, Assyria had overrun the 10 northern tribes of Israel and their capital Samaria. Some 50 years before Nahum's prophecy, its armies had laid siege to Jerusalem itself.

Predecessor of Babylon, Ninevah was unsurpassed for its pride, arrogance and determination to rule the world.

During those years, Assyria had learned something of the ways of the living God (Isa 37:4); indeed, a hundred years earlier they had turned to God in repentance, responding to Jonah's message.

Their repentance had not lasted, however, and God's next warning came with awesome power. The leaders of the besieging Assyrian army had dared to ridicule the living God (Isa 37:4) by making him out to be no better than the gods of the nations (Isa 36:18-20). Isaiah predicted the downfall of the army and its king. In a single night the Angel of the Lord went out and put to death 185,000 men in the Assyrian camp (Isa 37:36).

Later, back in Nineveh, King Sennacherib of Assyria (who had dared to mock the true and living God at the walls of his temple) was brutally murdered while he was worshipping in the temple of his god Nisroch (Isa 37:38).

When God Draws Near, We Have a Choice

The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob is a God who, from time to time, draws near. There are times when he is to be found and people should seek him; times when he is near and people should call upon him (Isa 55:6). At such times he comes in love and in judgment; to forgive or to destroy. At such times his prophets - Jonah, Isaiah, Nahum and others - may declare his judgment. Yet, whenever people turn to him in repentance, they find that he is a God who in wrath remembers mercy (Hab 3:2).

He has always been like that, from the day that he sorrowfully sought Adam and Eve in the cool of the day so soon after they had taken the forbidden fruit. Time and again his chosen people learnt this truth about their God when, even as they felt the first stirrings of his wrath, they turned to him - only to be enveloped in his love.

At the time of Jonah, the Assyrians tasted the consequences of repentance; at the time of Isaiah they experienced the inevitable results of defiance. They knew that the living God was not to be mocked (Gal 6:7), yet they still refused to honour him. Once again God spoke against Nineveh, and this time it was final.

At the time of Jonah, the Assyrians tasted the consequences of repentance; at the time of Isaiah they experienced the inevitable results of defiance.

Nahum: The Man

We know nothing of Nahum except what we can glean from the prophecy that bears his name, which means 'comforter'.

That a message of such stern judgment should come from a 'comforter' reminds us that the same Holy Spirit who inspired the message is both the comforter of believers and the one who convicts the unbelieving world of sin, righteousness and judgment (John 16:7-11).

The object of his message, Nineveh, had a proud history. Even centuries after its ruin, its place may still be identified. By contrast, Nahum came from Elkosh. No-one can now identify the location of Elkosh, and no record remains of Nahum and his family - a nobody from nowhere, with a message concerning the downfall of the world's greatest superpower! Surely the weakness of God is stronger than the strength of man (1 Cor 1:25).

Nahum may have been a nobody, but his soul was aflame with the majesty of God. After the shortest of introductions his vision of God blazed from him (Nah 1:2-6). Here was a man whose mouth had been touched by coals from the altar (Isa 6:6-7).

The world, even though it will not acknowledge them, needs prophets; the need being particularly acute at times when God is 'drawing near' in judgment and mercy. We ourselves live in such times, yet sadly there are few leaders in whose hearts such prophetic fire burns. Could it be that we are so busy carving out our reputations and hurrying about God's business that we have no time left for the holy place?

Better a nobody walking in awe of God's majesty than any amount of human achievement and reputation. Nineveh had plenty of both, but Nahum feared God more than he feared Nineveh.

Better a nobody walking in awe of God's majesty than any amount of human achievement and reputation.

Nahum: The Message

Under Josiah, the people of Judah were once again returning to God and seeking him (2 Chron 34:3), and in fulfilment of his promises God returned to them (cf. Mal 3:7; Nah 1:15). In so doing he would overthrow their enemies. There was a confrontation between Nineveh and Jerusalem, but the outcome was determined by their response to God. It was Nahum's task to bring to both nations the revelation of God's burning holiness.

Nahum, however, perceived more than God's majesty. He saw, in vivid detail, the course and the consequence of God's judgment on Nineveh. Chapter two of his prophecy describes the Assyrians' hopeless attempts to save their city against the onslaught of the invading Medes.

With true insight Nahum sees that these adversaries are not the real enemy. Nineveh has defied God, and the Medes are merely the rod of his wrath. It is God who is against them (Nah 2:13). It is always the prophet's task to see beyond the superficialities of world events to the hand of God that orders them.

When God turns against a nation they are helpless. In the third chapter, Nahum introduces a note of panic. The aggressor has become the victim (Nah 3:1). The rhythm of the poetry changes to one of breathless fear through which again resounds the terrible declaration: "'I am against you', declares the Lord Almighty" (Nah 3:5).

A generation before, Assyria had taunted Jerusalem about its reliance on Egypt (Isa 36:6). Assyria was greater even than Egypt - why should not Jerusalem shelter under her protection (Isa 36:16,17)? Are you really better than Egypt? asks Nahum (Nah 3:8-9). It fell, and so will you, he says (3:10-11).

It is always the prophet's task to see beyond the superficialities of world events to the hand of God that orders them.

A People of Blazing Passion

Nahum stands in the great tradition of the Hebrew prophets: his prophetic word was born in the holy place. There was fire in his message - not the fire of oratory, nor even of poetry, but of the divine presence.

God is looking for men and women who are hungry for God; willing, like Nahum, to enter the holy place, and who out of that meeting with God, will have a blazing passion for him.

Standing in the holy place, he perceived the hand of God behind the events of history. He saw God's hand in the reforms of King Josiah and knew that the Lord was once again with his people. He saw the hand of God stretched out over Nineveh and knew that God had seen enough of the blood and the lies, the plunder and the victims (Nah 3:1). He did not hesitate to declare that God was against that wicked city.

Today, many of God's people are experiencing God's blessing in new ways, and are entering into a depth and reality of relationship with him such as they have never found before. What is to be the fruit of this?

As Christians respond to God's graciously drawing near today, I believe that he is wanting to raise up people who will be prophetic in our day, just as the leaders of revivals were in theirs. In meetings throughout Britain and in many other parts of the world, ordinary Christians are falling to the ground under the power of God's Spirit moving in their lives. One of my colleagues said at such a meeting, "It is not how you go down that matters, it is how you get up." Exactly so.

God is looking for men and women who are hungry for God; willing, like Nahum, to enter the holy place, and who out of that meeting with God, will have a blazing passion for him.

Today we talk of 'blessing,' but God is looking for more than that. He is looking for men and women who may be nobodies in the world's eyes, but who are hungry for God; willing, like Nahum, to enter into the holy place, and who, out of that meeting with God, will have a blazing passion for him, his purity and majesty. Given such people the church will once more be a prophetic voice calling the nations to repentance.

First published in Prophecy Today, Vol 11 No 1, January 1995.